Publication: Arquitecturas simbólicas orientadas astronómicamente durante el Neolítico final, Calcolítico y la Edad del Bronce en el sur de la Meseta
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Publication Date
2018
Authors
Esteban, César
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Universidad de Sevilla
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Abstract
Este trabajo presenta los resultados arqueoastronó-micos de un proyecto interdisciplinar que estudia yacimien-tos de La Mancha fechados durante la Prehistoria Reciente. El centro ceremonial monumentalizado de Castillejo del Bonete muestra un marcador del amanecer del solsticio de invierno en la montaña más peculiar de su horizonte, así como alineaciones con este y otros eventos solares singulares, tales como el equi-noccio y el solsticio de verano. Parece existir una corresponden-cia entre las orientaciones de algunas de las principales estruc-turas arquitectónicas del monumento y las que presentan dos de las galerías principales de una cueva natural que se encuentra justo debajo. Los marcadores y las orientaciones hacia el ama-necer del solsticio de invierno pueden también estar presentes en otros sitios contemporáneos cercanos, como son el abrigo funerario del Cerro Ortega y la motilla del Azuer. Castillejo del Bonete constituye la primera evidencia de un marcador solar en un túmulo prehistórico de la península ibérica, lo que indica que su ubicación fue cuidadosamente elegida. Las alineaciones defi-nidas por sus estructuras refuerzan su simbolismo astronómico. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran la importancia de los elementos astrales en el mundo funerario y religioso de la Pre-historia Reciente de La Mancha, en donde el orto del solsticio de invierno parece que tuvo un especial protagonismo.
We present archaeoastronomical results of an in-terdisciplinary project to study Bronze Age and Chalcolithic in the Spanish region of La Mancha. We find that winter sol-stice sunrise was of special importance in the funerary – and perhaps religious – practises of these peoples. The impres-sive megalithic monumental complex of Castillejo del Bonete shows a remarkable marker of the winter solstice sunrise on the most peculiar mountain of its horizon as well as align-ments with this and other singular solar events as equinox and summer solstice. There seems to be a correspondence be-tween the orientations of some of the main architectural struc-tures of the monument and the general arrangement of two of the main galleries of a natural cave that lies just beneath it. Markers and orientations to the winter solstice sunrise seem to be present in other nearby contemporary sites such as the necropolis of Cerro Ortega and the motilla of the Azuer. Cas-tillejo del Bonete stands as the first evidence of a solar marker in a megalithic site of the Iberian Peninsula, indicating that the precise location of the monument was carefully chosen. The alignments defined by several of its structures further re-inforce its astronomical symbolism.
We present archaeoastronomical results of an in-terdisciplinary project to study Bronze Age and Chalcolithic in the Spanish region of La Mancha. We find that winter sol-stice sunrise was of special importance in the funerary – and perhaps religious – practises of these peoples. The impres-sive megalithic monumental complex of Castillejo del Bonete shows a remarkable marker of the winter solstice sunrise on the most peculiar mountain of its horizon as well as align-ments with this and other singular solar events as equinox and summer solstice. There seems to be a correspondence be-tween the orientations of some of the main architectural struc-tures of the monument and the general arrangement of two of the main galleries of a natural cave that lies just beneath it. Markers and orientations to the winter solstice sunrise seem to be present in other nearby contemporary sites such as the necropolis of Cerro Ortega and the motilla of the Azuer. Cas-tillejo del Bonete stands as the first evidence of a solar marker in a megalithic site of the Iberian Peninsula, indicating that the precise location of the monument was carefully chosen. The alignments defined by several of its structures further re-inforce its astronomical symbolism.