Publication: El patrimonio cultural en zonas rurales: riesgos y estrategias para su conservación. El caso de los retablos de Aliste (Zamora)
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2021-06-21
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Abstract
El patrimonio cultural en zonas rurales ha estado prácticamente olvidado hasta fechas no muy lejanas, cuando se ha empezado a dar importancia a algunas de sus manifestaciones más características, principalmente vinculadas con las costumbres y la tradición. Sin embargo, algunos de sus bienes culturales continúan despertando poco interés, como es el caso de los retablos, a pesar de estar presentes en la mayoría de los templos de todo el país. Este hecho, unido al problema de despoblación que sufren muchos de estos pueblos y, por ende, la dificultad de llevar a cabo trabajos que redunden en su mejor conservación debido a la escasez de recursos humanos y económicos, hace que el patrimonio retablístico en zonas rurales presente una casuística particular sobre la que deberían tomarse medidas.
Para el presente trabajo de fin de máster, se ha tomado como caso de estudio los retablos lígneos de la comarca de Aliste, Zamora. A través de ellos se ha podido advertir y concretar esta problemática mediante el análisis de su estado de conservación y de todos los agentes causantes, tanto presentes como futuros. Minimizar esta incidencia para lograr una mejor conservación a largo plazo debe convertirse en un objetivo prioritario. Con este fin se han diseñado diferentes herramientas, estrategias y procedimientos a seguir, adaptadas a las características del caso de estudio, pero extrapolables a otro tipo de bienes culturales con problemas similares. En estas medidas cobra especial relevancia la colaboración ciudadana y la puesta en valor de estos retablos: a través de su estudio se ha podido advertir su importancia como bienes artísticos y como objetos en uso por parte de la comunidad religiosa.
Cultural Heritage in rural areas has been virtually ignored until recent times, when some of its most distinctive displays have started to be given recognition, mainly those linked to customs and tradition. However, some of their cultural assets are still shown little interest: thats the case of altarpieces, although being present in most of the country’s churches. This fact, among the problem of depopulation many of those villages are suffering and, because of this, the trouble to perform actions for assuring their preservation due to the lack of human and economic resources, makes the altarpieces-related heritage in rural places show a particular casuistry which requires taking action. The chosen case study for this Master’s thesis are the wooden altarpieces from the region of Aliste, Zamora. Through them it has been possible to realize and define these problems by the analysis of their preservation conditions and their degradation agents, both current and future. Minimizing their effects to achieve a better long-term preservation must be a main goal. With this aim several tools, strategies and guidelines have been developed and arranged to the particularities of the case study, while also being useful for other types of objects with similar problems. Among these measures, the cooperation of locals and the statement of this altarpieces’ value are especially relevant: by making this study, their importance both as artworks and as objects still in use by the religious community.
Cultural Heritage in rural areas has been virtually ignored until recent times, when some of its most distinctive displays have started to be given recognition, mainly those linked to customs and tradition. However, some of their cultural assets are still shown little interest: thats the case of altarpieces, although being present in most of the country’s churches. This fact, among the problem of depopulation many of those villages are suffering and, because of this, the trouble to perform actions for assuring their preservation due to the lack of human and economic resources, makes the altarpieces-related heritage in rural places show a particular casuistry which requires taking action. The chosen case study for this Master’s thesis are the wooden altarpieces from the region of Aliste, Zamora. Through them it has been possible to realize and define these problems by the analysis of their preservation conditions and their degradation agents, both current and future. Minimizing their effects to achieve a better long-term preservation must be a main goal. With this aim several tools, strategies and guidelines have been developed and arranged to the particularities of the case study, while also being useful for other types of objects with similar problems. Among these measures, the cooperation of locals and the statement of this altarpieces’ value are especially relevant: by making this study, their importance both as artworks and as objects still in use by the religious community.