Publication: Tratamiento periodístico de las víctimas y la política en el contexto del terrorismo de ETA
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2021-06
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Abstract
Las 855 víctimas mortales de ETA, entre ellas 38 representantes políticos, forman parte de la historia sangrienta de la banda terrorista pero también ocupan un lugar privilegiado en la memoria de todos los españoles. Precisamente, para cumplir ese objetivo de conservar su recuerdo y que este perdure en el tiempo, el periodismo juega un papel determinante y compartido con las asociaciones de víctimas del terrorismo. Sin embargo, para comprender todo lo ocurrido durante las décadas de acción de ETA en España, es necesario entender cómo fue el tratamiento que la prensa llevó a cabo sobre la historia y la trayectoria de ETA, desde un punto de vista histórico y, a su vez, informativo: la distribución de las portadas; el uso del lenguaje y las imágenes; el relato acerca de los hechos y su influencia en la prensa; y, por último, la importancia de las víctimas en la derrota de ETA, así como en la deslegitimación de los atentados, asesinatos y la extorsión.
The 855 deaths – 38 of which were political representatives- caused by the bloody history of the terrorist group ETA, hold a privileged place in the memory of every Spaniard today. And it is precisely, with the aim of preserving this memory and making it last, that journalism plays a fundamental role today, a role that is shared with Victims Associations. Nevertheless, to be able to comprehend all the occurred events during the decades in which ETA was active, it is necessary to understand -from both a historical and an informative point of view- how was the treatment given by the press to ETA’s history and trajectory: The distribution on the frontpages of the newspapers; the use of language and chosen images; the accounts regarding the events and their influence on the press; and finally, the importance of the victims in ETA’s defeat, alongside the delegitimization of the extortions, the attacks and the murders.
The 855 deaths – 38 of which were political representatives- caused by the bloody history of the terrorist group ETA, hold a privileged place in the memory of every Spaniard today. And it is precisely, with the aim of preserving this memory and making it last, that journalism plays a fundamental role today, a role that is shared with Victims Associations. Nevertheless, to be able to comprehend all the occurred events during the decades in which ETA was active, it is necessary to understand -from both a historical and an informative point of view- how was the treatment given by the press to ETA’s history and trajectory: The distribution on the frontpages of the newspapers; the use of language and chosen images; the accounts regarding the events and their influence on the press; and finally, the importance of the victims in ETA’s defeat, alongside the delegitimization of the extortions, the attacks and the murders.