Publication: Ingeniería social estadounidense a través de cortometrajes educativos infantiles en España (1945-1968)
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2021-09-07
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los cortometrajes educativos son producciones cuya finalidad principal es instruir. Este tipo de películas, que nacieron junto con el cinematógrafo, tenían como objetivo original resolver dudas sobre temas técnicos y científicos. Fue a partir de la Segunda Guerra Mundial que estos filmes se utilizaron para influir en la ideología y comportamiento de la sociedad. Estados Unidos supo como emplear esos cortometrajes como herramienta de ingeniería social. Al término del conflicto bélico y habiéndose percatado del poder de influencia que estas producciones podían tener en la sociedad, casas productoras, agencias gubernamentales y especialistas crearon y difundieron filmes educativos sobre prácticamente cualquier tema. Durante la época de la posguerra, los cortometrajes educativos que tuvieron especial protagonismo fueron los de tipo social, pues a través de ellos se buscó reeducar a la sociedad en cuestiones sociales, de higiene e ideológicas. Esas producciones se distribuyeron tanto en territorio estadounidense como en el extranjero y, aunque sus objetivos se fueron modificando a través de los años, siempre se buscó difundirla idiosincrasia y cultura estadounidense. En el caso de España las vías de distribución de estas producciones fueron la Agencia de Información de Estados Unidos -conocida como USIA-, la Casa Americana de Estados Unidos en España, y la Cinemateca Educativa Nacional...
Educational short films are productions whose main purpose is to instruct. These typesof films, that born alongside the cinematograph, had as main objective to clarify technical and scientific issues. It was since the Second World War that these films were used to influence the ideology and behavior of society. The United States learned how to use these short films as a social engineering tool, and by the end of the war and having realized the power of influence that these productions could have in society, production houses, government agencies, and specialists created and disseminated educational films on practically any subject. During the post-war era, the educational short films that played a special role were those of social nature. It was through them that people were re-educated society on social, hygiene, and ideological affairs. These productions were distributed both in the United States and abroad, and although their objectives were modified over the years, they always sought to spread the American idiosyncrasy and culture. In the case of Spain, the distribution channels for these productions were the United States Information Agency -known as USIA-, the Casa Americana in Spain, and the Cinemateca Educativa Nacional...
Educational short films are productions whose main purpose is to instruct. These typesof films, that born alongside the cinematograph, had as main objective to clarify technical and scientific issues. It was since the Second World War that these films were used to influence the ideology and behavior of society. The United States learned how to use these short films as a social engineering tool, and by the end of the war and having realized the power of influence that these productions could have in society, production houses, government agencies, and specialists created and disseminated educational films on practically any subject. During the post-war era, the educational short films that played a special role were those of social nature. It was through them that people were re-educated society on social, hygiene, and ideological affairs. These productions were distributed both in the United States and abroad, and although their objectives were modified over the years, they always sought to spread the American idiosyncrasy and culture. In the case of Spain, the distribution channels for these productions were the United States Information Agency -known as USIA-, the Casa Americana in Spain, and the Cinemateca Educativa Nacional...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, leída el 07-05-2021