Publication: Implicaciones clínicas y funcionales de la capacidad de creación de imágenes motoras en pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson
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2022-01-31
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Se define imagen motora (IM) como el proceso cognitivo mediante el que un sujeto imagina que ejecuta una acción sin realizar realmente movimiento alguno y sin producir tensión muscular. Este proceso requiere la activación consciente de las regiones cerebrales responsables de la preparación y ejecución del movimiento, así como la inhibición voluntaria del mismo mediante la actividad inhibitoria de la corteza motora primaria sobre la vía corticoespinal. Revisiones sistemáticas afirman que el entrenamiento mediante IM acelera el aprendizaje y la mejora de destrezas motrices, las cuales han permitido obtener mejoras del rendimiento en atletas o el mantenimiento del rango articular y la fuerza muscular tras inmovilizaciones prolongadas. La Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se manifiesta de forma clásica con los signos motores cardinales de la enfermedad, acompañados de otros síntomas no motores, cuya confluencia produce la alteración de la representación del cuerpo respecto al espacio (esquema corporal), que podría limitar el uso de la IM en esta población. Sin embargo, se desconoce si existen aspectos clínicos concretos de la EP que suponen una limitación directa sobre la capacidad de realizar imágenes motoras, o si esto pudiera tener repercusiones sobre la aplicación de terapia mediante IM...
Motor imagery (MI) is defined as the cognitive process by which a subject imagines the performance of an action without actually making any movement and without producing muscle tension. This process requires the conscious activation of the brain regions responsible for the preparation and execution of the movement, as well as its voluntary inhibition through the inhibitory activity of the primary motor cortex on the corticospinal pathway. Systematic reviews claim that MI training accelerates learning and improvement of motor skills, which have led to performance improvements in athletes or to maintenance of joint range and muscle strength after prolonged immobilisation.Parkinson's disease (PD) is classically manifested by the cardinal motor signs of the disease, accompanied by other non-motor symptoms. Their confluence results in the alteration of the body's spatial representation (body schema), which may limit the use of MI in this population. However, it is not known whether there are specific clinical aspects of PD that directly limit the ability to perform motor imaging, or whether this may impact on the application of MI therapy...
Motor imagery (MI) is defined as the cognitive process by which a subject imagines the performance of an action without actually making any movement and without producing muscle tension. This process requires the conscious activation of the brain regions responsible for the preparation and execution of the movement, as well as its voluntary inhibition through the inhibitory activity of the primary motor cortex on the corticospinal pathway. Systematic reviews claim that MI training accelerates learning and improvement of motor skills, which have led to performance improvements in athletes or to maintenance of joint range and muscle strength after prolonged immobilisation.Parkinson's disease (PD) is classically manifested by the cardinal motor signs of the disease, accompanied by other non-motor symptoms. Their confluence results in the alteration of the body's spatial representation (body schema), which may limit the use of MI in this population. However, it is not known whether there are specific clinical aspects of PD that directly limit the ability to perform motor imaging, or whether this may impact on the application of MI therapy...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, leída el 24-09-2021