Publication: La opinión pública en la teoría de la Administración Pública
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2019-11
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Instituto Nacional de Administración Pública (INAP)
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Abstract
El propósito del artículo es reconstruir las aportaciones normativas que han realizado sobre la opinión pública algunos de los principales teóricos de la Administración, desde Wilson a Bozeman. Compartiendo con Lasswell la idea de que en democracia la relación entre opinión pública y políticas públicas debe ser bidireccional, las preguntas centrales desde esta perspectiva serían: ¿cuál debe ser el papel de la opinión pública en relación con la administración y las políticas públicas? y ¿hasta dónde es legítimo que desde las instituciones públicas se intente gestionar la opinión pública? Las respuestas ofrecidas podrían agruparse en una escala cuyo primer peldaño circunscribiría la opinión pública al papel de crítica autorizada que vigila el proceso de formación de las políticas, sin inmiscuirse en los asuntos cotidianos de la gestión; el segundo, estaría dirigido a sondear la opinión para definir estrategias y planes que garanticen el apoyo del público a las políticas, las regulaciones y los servicios; finalmente, el ciudadano, asumiría un papel más relevante y cotidiano, participando directamente e incluso eligiendo a los productores de los servicios públicos. La gestión de la opinión con fondos públicos podría considerarse legítima y necesaria, siendo de aplicación las herramientas de investigación de la opinión y de la comunicación institucional.
This article reconstructs the normative contributions that some of the main theorists of the Administration have made about public opinion from Wilson to Bozeman. We agree with Lasswell that in a democracy the relationship between public opinion and public policies should be bidirectional. From this perspective, the central questions to be answered would be: what should be the role of public opinion in relation to public administration and policies? And to what extent is it legitimate for public institutions to try to manage public opinion? The answers offered could be grouped into a scale whose first step would circumscribe public opinion to the role of authoritative criticism that would oversee the process of policy formation without interfering in the day-to-day management issues; the second, would be aimed at probing opinion to define strategies and plans that guarantee public support for policies, regulations and services; finally, the citizen, would assume a more relevant and daily role participating directly and even choosing the producers of public services. The management of the opinion with public funds could be considered legitimate and necessary, with the application of opinion research and institutional communication tools.
This article reconstructs the normative contributions that some of the main theorists of the Administration have made about public opinion from Wilson to Bozeman. We agree with Lasswell that in a democracy the relationship between public opinion and public policies should be bidirectional. From this perspective, the central questions to be answered would be: what should be the role of public opinion in relation to public administration and policies? And to what extent is it legitimate for public institutions to try to manage public opinion? The answers offered could be grouped into a scale whose first step would circumscribe public opinion to the role of authoritative criticism that would oversee the process of policy formation without interfering in the day-to-day management issues; the second, would be aimed at probing opinion to define strategies and plans that guarantee public support for policies, regulations and services; finally, the citizen, would assume a more relevant and daily role participating directly and even choosing the producers of public services. The management of the opinion with public funds could be considered legitimate and necessary, with the application of opinion research and institutional communication tools.