Publication: Confrontación, violencia política y democratización. Portugal 1975
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Publication Date
2003
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En la literatura sobre democratización, la movilización social y, especialmente, su radicalización, ha sido tratada como un obstáculo a la consolidación democrática. En este texto se analizará el intenso duelo de manifestaciones y contra-manifestaciones políticas que tuvo lugar en Portugal entre mayo y diciembre de 1975 cuando un directorio militar radicalizado —aliado al Partido Comunista (PCP)—amenazaba con no respetar los resultados de las elecciones constituyentes, amparándose, como referente de legitimidad, en la intensa movilización obrera, vecinal y jornalera. En este análisis se intentará mostrar como otra movilización, la de “resistencia” contra el Movimiento de las Fuerzas Armados (MFA), que incluyó manifestaciones gigantescas en todo el país y más de 80 asaltos colectivos a sedes del Partido Comunista (PCP) u organizaciones afines, fue fundamental en la conversión de los resultados electorales en contrapoder político efectivo. El artículo concluirá con un análisis de las condiciones de eficacia de las campañas de movilización popular en situaciones de crisis y sobre la importancia de la noción de escalada del conflicto en la interacción estratégica entre movimientos, contra movimientos y autoridades.
In literature on democratization, the social mobilization and, specially, its radicalization, have been treated as an obstacle to democratic consolidation. In this text we would analyze the intense duel of political demonstrations and counter-demonstrations that took place in Portugal between May and December 1975, when a radicalized military directory, allied to the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), threatened with a political take-over despite the results of the Constituent Assembly elections. This analysis will show that "resistance" mobilization against the Armed Forces Movement (MFA), that included massive marches and more than 80 collective assaults to the PCP's headquarters, was crucial for the electoral results' conversion on effective political power. The communication will conclude analyzing the conditions of effectiveness of popular mobilizations and of the importance of conflict escalation strategies in the interaction between movements, counter-movements and authorities.
In literature on democratization, the social mobilization and, specially, its radicalization, have been treated as an obstacle to democratic consolidation. In this text we would analyze the intense duel of political demonstrations and counter-demonstrations that took place in Portugal between May and December 1975, when a radicalized military directory, allied to the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP), threatened with a political take-over despite the results of the Constituent Assembly elections. This analysis will show that "resistance" mobilization against the Armed Forces Movement (MFA), that included massive marches and more than 80 collective assaults to the PCP's headquarters, was crucial for the electoral results' conversion on effective political power. The communication will conclude analyzing the conditions of effectiveness of popular mobilizations and of the importance of conflict escalation strategies in the interaction between movements, counter-movements and authorities.