Publication: Procesos de esencialización de hombres y mujeres: Un estudio comparado Brasil-España
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2016
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Universidad de Murcia
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Abstract
En esta investigación se presentan los resultados de un experimento, fundamentado en el paradigma del trasplante de cerebros, realizado en Brasil y España y cuya finalidad fue la de estudiar diversos procesos de esencialización de diferentes categorías sociales. Fue posible identificar que las categorías sociales naturalizables son más esencializadas que las entitativas, que la esencialización es más intensa en Brasil que en España y que la dirección del supuesto trasplante de cerebros en la que se basa el experimento realizado tuvo impacto sólo entre los participantes españoles. En ambos países la atribución de causas internas fue la justificación más utilizada, siendo especialmente destacable una tendencia a la biologización del género, con referencias a conceptos como los de hormonas o genes, utilizados como argumentos para la elaboración de explicaciones de sentido común del comportamiento humano. En conjunto, los resultados encontrados permiten concluir que la esencialización cumple un papel importante en la perpetuación del sexismo y de otras formas de estereotipación de las diferencias sexuales.
The main objective of this research is to present the results of an experiment based in the brain transplant paradigm. It was done in Brazil and Spain and its aim was to study various essentialization processes among different social categories. It was possible to identify that naturalizable social categories are more essentialized than entitative ones, that essencialization is greater in Brazil than in Spain, and that the direction of the supposed brain transplant in which the experiment was based had an impact only among Spanish participants. In both countries the attribution of internal causes was the most common explanation together with a biologization of gender with special reference to hormones and genes used as arguments to elaborate common sense explanations of human behavior. Altogether the results found lead us to the conclusion than essentialization plays an important role in the perpetuation of sexism and other forms of gender roles stereotypes.
The main objective of this research is to present the results of an experiment based in the brain transplant paradigm. It was done in Brazil and Spain and its aim was to study various essentialization processes among different social categories. It was possible to identify that naturalizable social categories are more essentialized than entitative ones, that essencialization is greater in Brazil than in Spain, and that the direction of the supposed brain transplant in which the experiment was based had an impact only among Spanish participants. In both countries the attribution of internal causes was the most common explanation together with a biologization of gender with special reference to hormones and genes used as arguments to elaborate common sense explanations of human behavior. Altogether the results found lead us to the conclusion than essentialization plays an important role in the perpetuation of sexism and other forms of gender roles stereotypes.