Publication: En la encrucijada. El año tercero de las revoluciones árabes
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2013
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Universidad de Murcia
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Abstract
Los procesos revolucionarios en curso en el mundo árabe han sido analizados desde muy diversas perspectivas. Dentro de estas perspectivas destacan dos en especial. Están, por una parte, aquellas que insisten en las particularidades socioculturales de esta región y que adoptan, en ocasiones, una cierta mirada “orientalista”. Frente a ellas, existen otras que tienden con demasiada facilidad a subsumir estos procesos dentro de una teoría abstracta y estándar acerca de la modernización y las transiciones democráticas. Aunque desde ambos enfoques se pueden realizar contribuciones muy valiosas, los dos adolecen, sin embargo, de una tendencia a la unilateralidad y al formalismo. Se hace preciso desarrollar una alternativa que tome en cuenta la complejidad de las estructuras sociales y la existencia de distintas fuerzas sociales y políticas en liza. En este punto, las aportaciones del marxismo resultan de gran interés. Este análisis ha de ser articulado, a su vez, con una teoría de la modernización depurada de ciertas tendencias teleológicas y valorativas.
The ongoing revolutionary processes in the Arab world have been analysed from many different perspectives. Among all these perspectives, there are two that stand out. On the one hand, those that emphasise the sociocultural characteristics of this region, and which sometimes take a certain “orientalist” approach. On the other hand, those that tend to subsume too easily these processes within an abstract and standard theory about modernisation and democratic transitions. While it is true that valuable contributions can be drawn from these two perspectives, both suffer from a trend towards unilateralism and formalism, however. It is therefore necessary to develop an alternative that take account of the complexity of the social structures along with the existence of different social and political forces at stake. At this point, the contributions of Marxism are of great interest. This analysis must, in turn, be linked more closely with a theory of modernisation devoid of certain teleological and evaluative tendencies.
The ongoing revolutionary processes in the Arab world have been analysed from many different perspectives. Among all these perspectives, there are two that stand out. On the one hand, those that emphasise the sociocultural characteristics of this region, and which sometimes take a certain “orientalist” approach. On the other hand, those that tend to subsume too easily these processes within an abstract and standard theory about modernisation and democratic transitions. While it is true that valuable contributions can be drawn from these two perspectives, both suffer from a trend towards unilateralism and formalism, however. It is therefore necessary to develop an alternative that take account of the complexity of the social structures along with the existence of different social and political forces at stake. At this point, the contributions of Marxism are of great interest. This analysis must, in turn, be linked more closely with a theory of modernisation devoid of certain teleological and evaluative tendencies.