Publication: El teletrabajo y sus implicaciones tecnológicas: desconexión digital y registro de jornada
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2021-06-24
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Abstract
Este trabajo pretende exponer los retos a los que se ha venido enfrentando el Derecho del Trabajo, en lo relativo al eletrabajo y a las implicaciones tecnológicas que este viene produciendo que son objeto de regulación jurídica. En especial, se detiene en el análisis del derecho a la desconexión digital y del mecanismo del registro de jornada
como medio para garantizarlo este derecho. Con carácter previo, se intenta hacer una aproximación a los avances legislativos que en relación con esta materia se han ido produciendo a lo largo de las recientes décadas en España, siendo la piedra angular el Real Decreto-ley 28/2020 de 22 de septiembre y las correspondientes regulaciones operadas por la negociación colectiva y plasmadas en los distintos convenios colectivos. Si bien, habida cuenta de que la generalización de este modo de prestar la relación laboral se ha debido a la pandemia COVID-19, ha resultado interesante incluir referencia a la regulación jurídica que a este respecto se ha venido haciendo en los países de nuestro entorno. Del mismo modo, se expone la configuración del Derecho a la desconexión digital desde una cuádruple perspectiva: como derecho al descanso, a la intimidad, a la protección de datos y a la salud en el trabajo. Se señala, no obstante, que la desconexión digital no deja de ser una manifestación del derecho a la limitación de jornada. En cuanto al registro de jornada, este trabajo lo aborda, sin perjuicio de las obligaciones del empresario, como un deber de los trabajadores. Este análisis se materializa desde un doble punto de vista: al analizar el registro de la jornada laboral en sí y los medios técnicos empleados para ella en relación con los trabajadores a distancia y desde el la óptica del cumplimiento de las normas de seguridad de la información. Por último, este trabajo llega a la conclusión de que para que la regulación del teletrabajo tenga durabilidad el papel de la negociación colectiva viene tornándose fundamental.
This work aims to expose the challenges that Labor Law has been facing, in relation to teleworking and the technological implications that it has been producing that are subject to legal regulation. In particular, it dwells on the analysis of the right to digital disconnection and the mechanism of registering the working day as a means to guarantee this right.Previously, an attempt is made to make an approximation to the legislative advances that in relation to this matter have been taking place over recent decades in Spain, the cornerstone being Real Decreto-ley 28/2020 of September 22 and the corresponding regulations operated by collective agreements and embodied in the different collective agreements. Although, given that the generalization of this way of providing the employment relationship has been due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been interesting to include reference to the legal regulation that has been made in this regard in the countries around us. In the same way, the configuration of the Right to digital disconnection is exposed from a fourfold perspective: as a right to rest, privacy, data protection and health at work. It is pointed out, however, that digital disconnection is still a manifestation of the right to limit working hours. Regarding the registration of working hours, this work addresses it, without prejudice to the obligations of the employer, as a duty of the workers. This analysis materializes from a double point of view: when analyzing the recording of the working day itself and the technical means used for it in relation to remote workers and from the perspective of compliance with information security regulations. Finally, this work concludes that for the regulation of telework to have durability, the role of collective bargaining has become fundamental.
This work aims to expose the challenges that Labor Law has been facing, in relation to teleworking and the technological implications that it has been producing that are subject to legal regulation. In particular, it dwells on the analysis of the right to digital disconnection and the mechanism of registering the working day as a means to guarantee this right.Previously, an attempt is made to make an approximation to the legislative advances that in relation to this matter have been taking place over recent decades in Spain, the cornerstone being Real Decreto-ley 28/2020 of September 22 and the corresponding regulations operated by collective agreements and embodied in the different collective agreements. Although, given that the generalization of this way of providing the employment relationship has been due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been interesting to include reference to the legal regulation that has been made in this regard in the countries around us. In the same way, the configuration of the Right to digital disconnection is exposed from a fourfold perspective: as a right to rest, privacy, data protection and health at work. It is pointed out, however, that digital disconnection is still a manifestation of the right to limit working hours. Regarding the registration of working hours, this work addresses it, without prejudice to the obligations of the employer, as a duty of the workers. This analysis materializes from a double point of view: when analyzing the recording of the working day itself and the technical means used for it in relation to remote workers and from the perspective of compliance with information security regulations. Finally, this work concludes that for the regulation of telework to have durability, the role of collective bargaining has become fundamental.