Publication: Factores anti-infecciosos del pulmón como nuevas estrategias terapéuticas frente a infecciones respiratorias
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2022-03-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El sistema respiratorio es el conjunto de órganos encargados de suministrar oxígeno al organismo para realizar la respiración celular a la vez que expulsa el dióxido de carbono producido como desecho de este proceso. Este intercambio gaseoso se realiza en el epitelio alveolar, el cual presenta la mayor área de contacto con el medio externo. De esta forma, se encuentra continuamente expuesto a partículas inhaladas, así como a patógenos respiratorios, algunos de los cuales ya son resistentes a múltiples familias de antibióticos (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa o Klebsiella pneumoniae) (1). Para defenderse de las infecciones, el organismo dispone de un potente sistema inmune innato alveolar compuesto por: i) un componente celular formado por células con capacidad fagocítica como macrófagos y neutrófilos (2); y ii) un componente soluble formado por proteínas y péptidos antimicrobianos (AMPs) capaces de reconocer y eliminar patógenos (2). Entre estos factores solubles hay proteínas antimicrobianas como lactoferrina, lisozima y las colectinas pulmonares SP-A y SP-D, así como péptidos antimicrobianos como el fragmento N-terminal del propéptido de SP-B (SP-BN), catelicidinas y defensinas...
The respiratory system is involved in providing oxygen to the organism for cellular respiration while expelling the carbon dioxide produced as waste from this process. This gas exchange is carried out in the alveolar epithelium, which has the largest area of the body in contact with the external environment. Therefore, it is continuously exposed to inhaled particles and pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are resistant to multiple families of antibiotics (1).The alveolar epithelium is equipped with an effective immune defense in order to protect the host against pathogens reaching the alveoli during inspiration (2). This innate immune system is composed of: i) a cellular component comprising immune phagocytic cells, mainly alveolar macrophages and neutrophils (2); and (ii) a soluble component consisting of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) able to recognize and eliminate pathogens (2). These soluble factors include antimicrobial proteins such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, and the pulmonary collectins SP-A and SP-D, as well as antimicrobial peptides such as SP-BN, cathelicidins, and defensins. They have antimicrobial activity and are able to modulate the inflammatory response of the host...
The respiratory system is involved in providing oxygen to the organism for cellular respiration while expelling the carbon dioxide produced as waste from this process. This gas exchange is carried out in the alveolar epithelium, which has the largest area of the body in contact with the external environment. Therefore, it is continuously exposed to inhaled particles and pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which are resistant to multiple families of antibiotics (1).The alveolar epithelium is equipped with an effective immune defense in order to protect the host against pathogens reaching the alveoli during inspiration (2). This innate immune system is composed of: i) a cellular component comprising immune phagocytic cells, mainly alveolar macrophages and neutrophils (2); and (ii) a soluble component consisting of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) able to recognize and eliminate pathogens (2). These soluble factors include antimicrobial proteins such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, and the pulmonary collectins SP-A and SP-D, as well as antimicrobial peptides such as SP-BN, cathelicidins, and defensins. They have antimicrobial activity and are able to modulate the inflammatory response of the host...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, leída el 15-10-2021