Publication: Donantes de ovocitos: análisis comparativo de dos muestras de Argentina y España sobre perfil de donantes, motivaciones y anonimato
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2019
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La ovodonación es el proceso por el cual una mujer dona óvulos a una clínica de reproducción asistida o a un banco de gametos con fines reproductivos (para una mujer receptora) o con la finalidad de utilizarlos para investigación biomédica. Los ciclos de tratamiento donde intervienen óvulos “donados” son cada vez más frecuentes en todo el mundo. España ocupa el primer lugar en Europa en donación de ovocitos de acuerdo a los datos de 2016 de la European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). En 2016 se realizaron en Argentina 13.823 ciclos de tratamiento, con 2709 transferencias de ovodonación (19,5%) (SAMeR, 2017). El presente estudio tiene como objetivo visibilizar los perfiles sociodemográficos de dos muestras de donantes de ovocitos de Argentina (n=93) y de España (n=49), las diferencias si es que existen, en las motivaciones que presentan las donantes para inscribirse en los programas de donación de ovocitos y sus actitudes hacia el anonimato. La metodología del estudio es cuantitativa, mientras que las inferencias han sido complementadas con investigaciones empíricas, literatura específica y la revisión de los textos normativos vigentes. El instrumento de recolección de datos ha sido un cuestionario administrado durante los meses de marzo a octubre de 2017 en tres clínicas de fertilidad (una de Ciudad de Buenos Aires y dos de Madrid). Se puede inferir de los resultados que además de las motivaciones económicas para convertirse en donantes de óvulos, existen motivos altruistas. El altruismo entiéndase como construcción retórica de las clínicas y los consentimientos informados, destinada a eludir la mera consideración mercantil. Si bien un gran porcentaje de las mujeres encuestadas no desea conocer a las personas nacidas de sus óvulos, la mayoría considera que las personas deben conocer el modo en que han sido engendradas.
Egg donation is the process where a woman donates oocytes to an assisted reproduction facility or a gamete bank for reproductive purposes (for a recipient woman) or for the purpose of using them for biomedical research. The treatment cycles where "donated" oocytes intervene are more and more frequent all over the world. Spain occupies the first place in Europe in oocyte donation according to 2016 data from the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). In 2016, 13,823 cycles of treatment were performed in Argentina, with 2709 egg donation transfers (19.5%) (SAMeR, 2017). This study aims to visualize the socio-demographic profiles of two samples of oocyte donors from Argentina (n = 93) and from Spain (n = 49), the differences, if any, in the motivations presented by donors to enroll in oocyte donation programs and their attitudes towards anonymity. The study follows a quantitative methodology, while the inferences have been complemented with empirical research, specific literature and the revision of normative and regulatory documents. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire administered from March to October 2017 in three Fertility clinics (one of Buenos Aires and two from Madrid). It can be inferred from the results that in addition to the economic motivations, there are also altruistic reasons to become egg donors. Altruism is understood as the rhetorical construction of clinics and informed consents, designed to avoid mere mercantile consideration. Although a large percentage of women surveyed do not wish to meet people born from their eggs, most of them do believe that people should know the way they have been conceived.
Egg donation is the process where a woman donates oocytes to an assisted reproduction facility or a gamete bank for reproductive purposes (for a recipient woman) or for the purpose of using them for biomedical research. The treatment cycles where "donated" oocytes intervene are more and more frequent all over the world. Spain occupies the first place in Europe in oocyte donation according to 2016 data from the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). In 2016, 13,823 cycles of treatment were performed in Argentina, with 2709 egg donation transfers (19.5%) (SAMeR, 2017). This study aims to visualize the socio-demographic profiles of two samples of oocyte donors from Argentina (n = 93) and from Spain (n = 49), the differences, if any, in the motivations presented by donors to enroll in oocyte donation programs and their attitudes towards anonymity. The study follows a quantitative methodology, while the inferences have been complemented with empirical research, specific literature and the revision of normative and regulatory documents. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire administered from March to October 2017 in three Fertility clinics (one of Buenos Aires and two from Madrid). It can be inferred from the results that in addition to the economic motivations, there are also altruistic reasons to become egg donors. Altruism is understood as the rhetorical construction of clinics and informed consents, designed to avoid mere mercantile consideration. Although a large percentage of women surveyed do not wish to meet people born from their eggs, most of them do believe that people should know the way they have been conceived.