Publication: Algo más que el adiós al marxismo. El XXVIII Congreso del PSOE y el derecho de autodeterminación
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2021
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
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Abstract
El XXVIII Congreso del Partido Socialista Obrero Español, celebrado en mayo de 1979, ha sido recordado por la célebre renuncia de Felipe González a la Secretaría General. El PSOE se había reafirmado como marxista y González acababa de perder el debate nominalista sobre la definición del partido. Aquel impacto emocional y mediático permitió ocultar tras los fuegos de artificio otros debates de mayor trascendencia práctica que también se dieron cita en aquel encuentro. Entre ellos, el que tenía que ver con su modelo de política autonómica. Desde 1979 estaba en juego cómo iba a construirse el Estado de las Autonomías, y el PSOE tenía la oportunidad de establecer en la resolución sobre autonomías cómo quería configurar y ordenar el nuevo modelo de Estado. Fue entonces cuando se negó en lo inmediato cualquier aspiración por un Estado federal y cuando, por primera vez, desapareció el término autodeterminación de su «programa máximo». Este derecho, sin embargo, se mantuvo como parte de la ponencia hasta el último momento, defendido todavía por parte del socialismo. Un hecho que ha sido ignorado por la historiografía y que demuestra hasta qué punto se ha olvidado una resolución que definió la deriva «racionalizadora» en la que el Partido Socialista se embarcó desde entonces.
The XXVIII Congress of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party in May 1979 has been remembered for the famous resignation of its General Secretary, Felipe González. The PSOE had reaffirmed its position as a Marxist Party and Felipe González had lost the nominalist debate on the party’s definition. The emotional and media impact of his resignation created a smoke– screen for other debates of greater practical significance which also took place at that meeting. These included the party’s approach to regional policy. In 1979, the nature of the construction of the State of Autonomous Communities was at stake, and PSOE had the chance to establish how to form and order the new State model in its resolution on the Autonomous Communities. It was at this meeting that any aspiration towards a federal state was rejected for the time being, and where, for the first time, the term self-determination disappeared from its “maximum programme”. This right, however, was maintained in congress until the last moment, and continued to be defended by one part of socialism. This fact has been disregarded by the historiography, showing the extent to which a resolution has been forgotten that defined the rationalizing drift upon which the Socialist Party embarked from that point on.
The XXVIII Congress of the Spanish Socialist Workers Party in May 1979 has been remembered for the famous resignation of its General Secretary, Felipe González. The PSOE had reaffirmed its position as a Marxist Party and Felipe González had lost the nominalist debate on the party’s definition. The emotional and media impact of his resignation created a smoke– screen for other debates of greater practical significance which also took place at that meeting. These included the party’s approach to regional policy. In 1979, the nature of the construction of the State of Autonomous Communities was at stake, and PSOE had the chance to establish how to form and order the new State model in its resolution on the Autonomous Communities. It was at this meeting that any aspiration towards a federal state was rejected for the time being, and where, for the first time, the term self-determination disappeared from its “maximum programme”. This right, however, was maintained in congress until the last moment, and continued to be defended by one part of socialism. This fact has been disregarded by the historiography, showing the extent to which a resolution has been forgotten that defined the rationalizing drift upon which the Socialist Party embarked from that point on.