Publication: Violencia sexual como crimen de lesa humanidad: los casos de Guatemala y Perú
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2017
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Abstract
Este artículo reflexiona en torno al tratamiento legal de la violencia sexual en contextos de conflicto armado. ¿Cuáles son las afectaciones físicas y emocionales del uso masivo de la violación como una herramienta de guerra? ¿De qué modo se cosifica a la mujer y cómo se proyectan las implicaciones de ello sobre el grupo social de referencia? A fin de responder a estas preguntas, en primer lugar, se realiza una revisión de los estándares internacionales de protección jurídica frente a la violencia sexual; a continuación, se analizan dos estudios de caso: Sepur Zarco, en Guatemala, y Manta y Vilca, en Perú. En estos casos, por primera vez, ordenamientos jurídicos nacionales –con base en el derecho internacional humanitario– se fundamentan en razones jurídicas para condenar delitos de violencia sexual en contextos de conflicto armado como delitos de lesa humanidad.
This paper reflects on the significance of the legal treatment of sexual violence in contexts of armed conflict. What are the physical and emotional effects of the widespread use of rape as a weapon of war? In what way are women objectified and how are the implications of this projected into the social reference group? In order to answer these questions, first, a review is made of the international standards of legal protection against sexual violence. Then two case studies are analysed: Sepur Zarco in Guatemala and Manta and Vilca in Peru. In these cases, for the first time, national legal systems, based on international humanitarian law, have established a legal basis to punish sexual violence crimes within armed conflict contexts as crimes against humanity.
This paper reflects on the significance of the legal treatment of sexual violence in contexts of armed conflict. What are the physical and emotional effects of the widespread use of rape as a weapon of war? In what way are women objectified and how are the implications of this projected into the social reference group? In order to answer these questions, first, a review is made of the international standards of legal protection against sexual violence. Then two case studies are analysed: Sepur Zarco in Guatemala and Manta and Vilca in Peru. In these cases, for the first time, national legal systems, based on international humanitarian law, have established a legal basis to punish sexual violence crimes within armed conflict contexts as crimes against humanity.