Publication: La disputa marítima israelo-libanesa y el neofuncionalismo
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2019-07
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Asociación Española de Ciencia Política
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Abstract
La teoría neofuncionalista considera que una colaboración entre Estados en ciertas áreas de interés común posibilitará el avance hacia la integración regional y la resolución pacífica de los conflictos, al percibirse las ventajas derivadas de dicha integración. De hecho, esta inspiración neofuncionalista ha estado presente en las políticas de la Unión Europea (UE) hacia el Mediterráneo. La tesis defendida en este artículo consiste en que, a diferencia de las expectativas neofuncionalistas, la aparición de importantes yacimientos de hidrocarburos a ambos lados de la división marítima entre Israel y el Líbano ha contribuido a generar una mayor inestabilidad en un área en el que las rivalidades existentes son especialmente sensibles a cualquier alteración en los equilibrios de poder. Además, el tradicional papel hegemónico de Estados Unidos se halla claramente debilitado y no puede realizar una mediación efectiva. Por su parte, los mecanismos de cooperación regional de la UE no constituyen un instrumento adecuado para superar este conflicto al no dar respuesta a las preocupaciones de seguridad existentes, de acuerdo con lo que predice la teoría realista.
The neofunctionalist theory considers that cooperation among states in certain areas of common interest will make it possible an advance towards regional integration and the peaceful resolution of conflicts, due to the perception of the advantages derived from such integration. In reality, this neofunctionalist inspiration has been present in the European Union (EU) policies towards the Mediterranean Sea. The thesis moved forward in this article is that, in contrast to neofunctionalist expectations, the discovery of important hydrocarbon deposits that straddle the maritime boundary between Israel and Lebanon has contributed to foster more instability in an area where existing rivalries are especially sensitive to any shift in the balance of power. Moreover, the traditional US hegemonic role is clearly weakened and it cannot provide an effective mediation. As for the EU mechanisms for regional cooperation, they are not the appropriate tool to overcome this conflict due to the fact that they do not meet the existing security concerns, as the realist theory predicts.
The neofunctionalist theory considers that cooperation among states in certain areas of common interest will make it possible an advance towards regional integration and the peaceful resolution of conflicts, due to the perception of the advantages derived from such integration. In reality, this neofunctionalist inspiration has been present in the European Union (EU) policies towards the Mediterranean Sea. The thesis moved forward in this article is that, in contrast to neofunctionalist expectations, the discovery of important hydrocarbon deposits that straddle the maritime boundary between Israel and Lebanon has contributed to foster more instability in an area where existing rivalries are especially sensitive to any shift in the balance of power. Moreover, the traditional US hegemonic role is clearly weakened and it cannot provide an effective mediation. As for the EU mechanisms for regional cooperation, they are not the appropriate tool to overcome this conflict due to the fact that they do not meet the existing security concerns, as the realist theory predicts.