Publication: ¿Aplazando la llegada del primer hijo? Un estudio cualitativo sobre las percepciones en torno al retraso de la fecundidad
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2021
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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Abstract
En un escenario de fecundidad muy baja entre las bajas como el español, caracterizado por una transición al aplazamiento en la tenencia del primer hijo, este artículo aborda las percepciones y las valoraciones más relevantes que estarían influyendo en el retraso de la tenencia del primer hijo entre las personas de 25 a 45 años residentes en la Comunidad de Madrid. A partir de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (TPB) aplicado al ámbito de las decisiones reproductivas, y mediante los resultados de 16 entrevistas en profundidad realizadas en 2017 a mujeres y hombres, se indaga si la percepción de efectos negativos esperados, de presiones sociales normativas y la dependencia de circunstancias externas, están incidiendo directamente sobre la intención de aplazar la tenencia del primer hijo. Con la integración de aportaciones relevantes de la literatura sobre los determinantes de la fecundidad, se aporta evidencia cualitativa de los factores que inciden sobre este retraso. La percepción de penalización para la mujer en el ámbito laboral remunerado asociada a la llegada de los hijos —especialmente con relación al ascenso y a la progresión profesional—, la percepción de costes personales en términos de ocio y libertad de movimiento, y el no alcance de la estabilidad económica considerada como idónea para la crianza de los hijos hasta edades tardías estarían incidiendo en el retraso de la tenencia del primer hijo. La presión social normativa tendría menor incidencia, mientras que la alta valoración atribuida a la autonomía individual estaría influyendo en las intenciones de aplazamiento.
In a scenario of lowest-low fertility levels like the Spanish one, characterized by a postponement transition, especially for first births, this paper looks into the most relevant perceptions and values which may be affecting the childbearing delay for the first child among people aged between 25 and 45 in the Community of Madrid. Based upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) applied to the fertility decision-making process, and by means of 16 in-depth qualitative interviews carried out in 2017 among women and men, the article aims at inquiring whether the expected negative outcomes of having a child, the perceived normative social pressures and the perception of dependence on external factors, are directly influencing the decision of having a first child. This article includes significant contributions from studies about fertility determinants and provides qualitative evidence about the factors that have an impact on this delay. The perceived motherhood penalty in the labor market, specially related to career progression, the perceived negative outcomes in terms of leisure time and freedom of movement, and the late achievement of the economic stability considered as ideal in order to have a child, may be having an impact on the postponement of the first childbearing. Our results suggest that social normative pressure may be less influential in Spain, while the high value attributed to individual autonomy may contribute to the delay of parenthood.
In a scenario of lowest-low fertility levels like the Spanish one, characterized by a postponement transition, especially for first births, this paper looks into the most relevant perceptions and values which may be affecting the childbearing delay for the first child among people aged between 25 and 45 in the Community of Madrid. Based upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) applied to the fertility decision-making process, and by means of 16 in-depth qualitative interviews carried out in 2017 among women and men, the article aims at inquiring whether the expected negative outcomes of having a child, the perceived normative social pressures and the perception of dependence on external factors, are directly influencing the decision of having a first child. This article includes significant contributions from studies about fertility determinants and provides qualitative evidence about the factors that have an impact on this delay. The perceived motherhood penalty in the labor market, specially related to career progression, the perceived negative outcomes in terms of leisure time and freedom of movement, and the late achievement of the economic stability considered as ideal in order to have a child, may be having an impact on the postponement of the first childbearing. Our results suggest that social normative pressure may be less influential in Spain, while the high value attributed to individual autonomy may contribute to the delay of parenthood.