Publication: «Mano dura» y democracia en América Latina: seguridad pública, violencia y estado de derecho
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2020
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Universidad de Salamanca. Instituto Interuniversitario de Estudios de Iberoamérica y Portugal
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Abstract
La situación de violencia e inseguridad en América Latina es un reclamo para la puesta en marcha de medidas de «mano dura» que, a pesar de su popularidad, no parecen tener un resultado efectivo. De hecho, suelen ser el camino para el quebrantamiento del Estado de derecho y la represión sobre sectores vulnerables, en muchos casos victimizados tanto por su situación socioeconómica como por la represión estatal. Este artículo analiza cuatro casos de cuatro países latinoamericanos: Brasil, México, Colombia y Guatemala a través de la teoría de los «pluralismos violentos». El objetivo es dotar de evidencia empírica a un abordaje teórico que se centra en la connivencia entre el Estado y la violencia más que en la violencia como un defecto de Estados democráticos desarrollados, concepto que, según este análisis, no puede aplicarse a los casos estudiado.
Violence and insecurity in Latin America is a claim for the commissioning of «mano dura» policies. Despite its popularity, those policies have shown low effectiveness. In fact, they are usually the path to the breakdown of the Rule of Law and to the repression of vulnerable groups. Actually, those groups are doubly victimized by one hand because of their difficult socio-economic condition and by the other hand because of violent government action. This paper, analyses four cases, in four Latin American countries: Brazil, México, Colombia and Guatemala through the lenses of «violent pluralism» approach. The objective is to provide evidence for a theoretical approach based on the relationship between state and violence versus those approaches that consider violence as a malfunction of state.
Violence and insecurity in Latin America is a claim for the commissioning of «mano dura» policies. Despite its popularity, those policies have shown low effectiveness. In fact, they are usually the path to the breakdown of the Rule of Law and to the repression of vulnerable groups. Actually, those groups are doubly victimized by one hand because of their difficult socio-economic condition and by the other hand because of violent government action. This paper, analyses four cases, in four Latin American countries: Brazil, México, Colombia and Guatemala through the lenses of «violent pluralism» approach. The objective is to provide evidence for a theoretical approach based on the relationship between state and violence versus those approaches that consider violence as a malfunction of state.