Publication: Políticas de conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar en los regímenes de bienestar mediterráneos: los casos de Italia y España
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2010
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Si bien en un primer momento las políticas europeas de conciliación se impulsaron desde un compromiso claro con la igualdad de oportunidades entre hombres y mujeres, en la última década las políticas de conciliación se han desarrollado principalmente en el marco de la política europea de empleo, esto es, se han considerado parte de una estrategia más amplia diseñada para promover el pleno empleo en la Unión Europea. El objetivo de estas políticas se ha convertido así en la creación de una sociedad de “dos sustentadores”, esto es, una sociedad de pleno empleo en la que tanto los varones como sus compañeras se dediquen al trabajo remunerado. Dada la diversidad de países que conforman la Unión Europea, podemos presumir que este objetivo político no representa lo mismo para todos, sino que exige un esfuerzo mayor para los regímenes de bienestar mediterráneos, caracterizados habitualmente por el subdesarrollo de sus políticas del bienestar, por su familiarismo y por sus bajas tasas de empleo femenino. El presente artículo ofrece precisamente una descripción y una evaluación las políticas de conciliación de los regímenes de bienestar mediterráneos, concretamente de Italia y España, desde el punto de vista de su potencial desfamiliarizador.
Although European reconciliation of work and family life policies were at the beginning driven by a clear compromise with equal opportunities between men and women, in the last decade they have been mainly developed as part of the European employment policy. The objetive of those policies has thus turn into the promotion of a “dual earner” society, that is, a full employment society in which both men and women participate in paid employment. Given the diversity of countries which shape the European Union, this political objetive must have different implications for every country. It obviously demands a greater policy effort in the Mediterranean countries, whose welfare regimes have been characterized by the backwardness of their welfare policies, by their familiarism and by their low female employment rates. The aim of my article will be precisely to describe and assess the reconciliation of work and family life policies implemented Italy and Spain during the last decade, taking into account their defamiliarizing impact.
Although European reconciliation of work and family life policies were at the beginning driven by a clear compromise with equal opportunities between men and women, in the last decade they have been mainly developed as part of the European employment policy. The objetive of those policies has thus turn into the promotion of a “dual earner” society, that is, a full employment society in which both men and women participate in paid employment. Given the diversity of countries which shape the European Union, this political objetive must have different implications for every country. It obviously demands a greater policy effort in the Mediterranean countries, whose welfare regimes have been characterized by the backwardness of their welfare policies, by their familiarism and by their low female employment rates. The aim of my article will be precisely to describe and assess the reconciliation of work and family life policies implemented Italy and Spain during the last decade, taking into account their defamiliarizing impact.