Publication: La Escuela de Traductores de Toledo y su influencia en la terminología anatómica
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Publication Date
2021
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Universidad de Salamanca
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Abstract
La traducción facilita la transmisión de conocimientos entre culturas. La transferencia fundamental de la terminología anatómica de las culturas de la Antigua Grecia y la Edad de Oro del islam a la Cristiandad latina medieval tuvo lugar en la llamada Escuela de Traductores de Toledo durante los siglos XII y XIII. Las traducciones realizadas en Toledo circularon ampliamente por Europa. Fueron la base del pensamiento científico que nació en los claustros de las primeras universidades. En Toledo, Gerard de Cremona tradujo el Canon de Medicina de Avicena, la obra clave de la medicina de la Edad de Oro del islam. Alberto Magno, Mondino de Luzzi y Guy de Chauliac, los principales autores de las palabras anatómicas latinas en la Edad Media, basaron sus libros sobre las traducciones de Gerard. Los términos anatómicos del Canon conservan auctoritas hasta el Renacimiento. Así, términos acuñados por Gerard como diafragma, órbita, pupila o sagital siguen siendo relevantes en la terminología anatómica oficial actual. El objetivo del presente artículo es llamar la atención sobre la importante influencia que tuvo la Escuela de Traductores de Toledo en la terminología anatómica. Para ello, revisaremos aquí los orígenes onomásticos de una serie de términos anatómicos aún vigentes.
Translation facilitates transmission of knowledge between cultures. The fundamental transfer of anatomic terminology from the Ancient Greek and Islamic Golden Age cultures, to medieval Latin Christendom took place in the so-called Toledo School of Translators in the 12th–13th centuries. Translations made in Toledo circulated widely across Europe. They were the foundation of scientific thinking that was born in the boards of first universities. In Toledo, Gerard of Cremona translated Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine, the key work of Islamic Golden Age of medicine. Albertus Magnus, Mondino de Luzzi and Guy de Chauliac, the leading authors of anatomical Latin words in the Middle Ages, founded their books on Gerard’s translations. The anatomical terms of the Canon retain auctoritas up to the Renaissance. Thus, terms coined by Gerard such as diaphragm, orbit, pupil or sagittal remain relevant in the current official anatomical terminology. The aim of the present paper is to bring new attention to the highly significant influence that the Toledo School of Translators had in anatomical terminology. For this, we shall review here the onomastic origins of a number of anatomical terms (additamentum; coracoid process; coxal; false ribs; femur; panniculus; spondylus; squamous sutures; thorax; xiphoid process, etc.) which are still used today.
Translation facilitates transmission of knowledge between cultures. The fundamental transfer of anatomic terminology from the Ancient Greek and Islamic Golden Age cultures, to medieval Latin Christendom took place in the so-called Toledo School of Translators in the 12th–13th centuries. Translations made in Toledo circulated widely across Europe. They were the foundation of scientific thinking that was born in the boards of first universities. In Toledo, Gerard of Cremona translated Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine, the key work of Islamic Golden Age of medicine. Albertus Magnus, Mondino de Luzzi and Guy de Chauliac, the leading authors of anatomical Latin words in the Middle Ages, founded their books on Gerard’s translations. The anatomical terms of the Canon retain auctoritas up to the Renaissance. Thus, terms coined by Gerard such as diaphragm, orbit, pupil or sagittal remain relevant in the current official anatomical terminology. The aim of the present paper is to bring new attention to the highly significant influence that the Toledo School of Translators had in anatomical terminology. For this, we shall review here the onomastic origins of a number of anatomical terms (additamentum; coracoid process; coxal; false ribs; femur; panniculus; spondylus; squamous sutures; thorax; xiphoid process, etc.) which are still used today.