Publication: Prevención de la mutilación genital femenina desde enfermería: comparación de protocolos
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2022-04
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Abstract
La mutilación genital femenina supone la violación de los derechos humanos, y una forma de maltrato y violencia contra niñas y mujeres. A pesar de ello, en algunas zonas de África y Asia es parte de la cultura. La OMS la considera un problema de salud pública. Consecuentemente, España, entre otros, ha creado su protocolo de actuación.
Objetivos: comparar los protocolos de actuación autonómicos; al igual que, la concienciación de los profesionales sanitarios respecto al tema.
Metodología: se realizó una revisión en las principales bases de datos sanitarias, en español e inglés, con artículos hasta el 2016, para conocer el concepto y el conocimiento profesional. También, se buscaron los protocolos de cada CC.AA.
Resultados: Todos los protocolos explican el mismo algoritmo de actuación y describen la intervención desde diferentes perspectivas profesionales. La prevención adquiere relevancia mediante EpS desde enfermería. A pesar de las guías, la actuación es inadecuada debido al escaso conocimiento profesional.
Discusión: Aunque hay consenso entre los protocolos, existen aspectos en conflicto como el número de exploraciones físicas y la forma de atención. Se recalca la importancia de la formación a los profesionales para una buena actuación.
Conclusiones: La intervención comunitaria y la educación para la salud, cuyas protagonistas son las enfermeras, son esenciales para la erradicación de la MGF. Para ello, es necesario una buena formación del profesional. Finalmente, se propone una intervención educativa desde Atención Primaria a las mujeres en riesgo o con MGF para que sean ellas quienes hagan prevención a sus familias y comunidad.
Female genital mutilation is a violation of human rights and a form of abuse and violence against girls and women. Despite this, in some parts of Africa and Asia it is part of the culture. The WHO considers it a public health problem. Consequently, Spain, among others, has created its action protocol. Objectives: to compare the protocols of action in the autonomous regions, as well as the awareness of health professionals on the subject. Methodology: a review was carried out in the main health databases, in Spanish and English, with articles up to 2016, to learn about the concept and professional knowledge. Results: All the protocols explain the same algorithm of action and describe the intervention from different professional perspectives. Prevention acquires relevance through EpS from nursing. Despite the guidelines, action is inadequate due to the lack of professional knowledge. Discussion: Although there is consensus among the protocols, there are conflicting aspects such as the number of physical examinations and the form of care. The importance of training professionals for good performance is emphasized. Conclusions: Community intervention and health education, whose protagonists are nurses, are essential for the eradication of FGM. For this, good training of the professional is necessary. Finally, an educational intervention is proposed from Primary Care to women at risk or with FGM so that they can be the ones to prevent it in their families and community.
Female genital mutilation is a violation of human rights and a form of abuse and violence against girls and women. Despite this, in some parts of Africa and Asia it is part of the culture. The WHO considers it a public health problem. Consequently, Spain, among others, has created its action protocol. Objectives: to compare the protocols of action in the autonomous regions, as well as the awareness of health professionals on the subject. Methodology: a review was carried out in the main health databases, in Spanish and English, with articles up to 2016, to learn about the concept and professional knowledge. Results: All the protocols explain the same algorithm of action and describe the intervention from different professional perspectives. Prevention acquires relevance through EpS from nursing. Despite the guidelines, action is inadequate due to the lack of professional knowledge. Discussion: Although there is consensus among the protocols, there are conflicting aspects such as the number of physical examinations and the form of care. The importance of training professionals for good performance is emphasized. Conclusions: Community intervention and health education, whose protagonists are nurses, are essential for the eradication of FGM. For this, good training of the professional is necessary. Finally, an educational intervention is proposed from Primary Care to women at risk or with FGM so that they can be the ones to prevent it in their families and community.