Publication: Características de las arcadas dentarias y de la oclusión en una población infantil nacida en condiciones de prematuridad y tratada en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales
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2022-09-26
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Objetivo: La prematuridad es aquel nacimiento que sucede antes de la semana 37 de gestación o aquel que presenta un peso inferior a 2.500 g. Actualmente, el término se subdivide según la edad gestacional y según el peso al nacer. La inmadurez de estos niños así como las intervenciones que puedan precisar durante el periodo neonatal, van a dar lugar a una serie de consecuencias sobre la salud sistémica, habiendo un aumento de la morbilidad a nivel sistémico, así como de manera específica puede afectar a nivel oral, ya que estos niños pueden precisar de ventilación mecánica por vía oral. Debido a esta intubación oral , se ha observado una falta de crecimiento maxilofacial, así como una compresión maxilar, que pueden tener posibles consecuencias en las arcadas dentarias. Así mismo estos niños presentan otras alteraciones orales en las dimensiones de los dientes, en la erupción dentaria, en la mineralización dental, en el esmalte dental y un mayor riesgo de caries. El objetivo principañ de este trabajo es conocer si existen diferencias entre las dimensiones de arcadas y las características oclusales de niños nacidos en condiciones de prematuridad e ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN) (grupo de estudio) y niños nacidos a término (grupo control). Paralelamente se analizó el grupo de estudio si los parámetros de las arcadas dentarias estaban relacionados con determinadas variables perinatales.
Objective: Prematury of Preterm birth (PTB) is defines as any birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed or when the weight is less than 2500 g. Currently, the term is subdivided according to gestational age and birth weight. The inmaturity of these children as well as the interventions that they may require during the neonatal period, will give rise to a series of consequences on systematic health, with an increase in morbidity at the systemic level. In addition, it can specifically affect the level of oral, as these chldren may require oral mechanical ventilation. Due to this oral intubation, a lack of maxillofacial growth has been observed, as well as maxilalry compresssion, which can have possible consequences in the dental arches. Likewise, these children will present other oral alterations in th dimensions of the teeth, the dental eruption, the dental mineralization, the dental enamel and a greater risk of cavities. The main aim of this work is to determine if there are differences between the dental arch dimensions and occlusal characteristics of children born prematurely and admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) compared to children born at term. The study group was analyzed in order to find out if the parameters of the dental arches are related to certain perinatal variables.
Objective: Prematury of Preterm birth (PTB) is defines as any birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed or when the weight is less than 2500 g. Currently, the term is subdivided according to gestational age and birth weight. The inmaturity of these children as well as the interventions that they may require during the neonatal period, will give rise to a series of consequences on systematic health, with an increase in morbidity at the systemic level. In addition, it can specifically affect the level of oral, as these chldren may require oral mechanical ventilation. Due to this oral intubation, a lack of maxillofacial growth has been observed, as well as maxilalry compresssion, which can have possible consequences in the dental arches. Likewise, these children will present other oral alterations in th dimensions of the teeth, the dental eruption, the dental mineralization, the dental enamel and a greater risk of cavities. The main aim of this work is to determine if there are differences between the dental arch dimensions and occlusal characteristics of children born prematurely and admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) compared to children born at term. The study group was analyzed in order to find out if the parameters of the dental arches are related to certain perinatal variables.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Odontología, leída el 04-04-2022