Publication: Influencia del ejercicio aeróbico en el dolor neuropático periférico de origen mecánico.
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2022
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Abstract
El dolor neuropático es una condición limitante, causada por múltiples etiologías, que sufre aproximadamente el 6-10% de la población general, lo que supone un alto coste socioeconómico. Se experimenta tras una enfermedad o lesión del sistema somatosensorial y puede expresarse en distintos fenotipos como la alodinia, el dolor quemante continuo y el dolor paroxístico. Algunas investigaciones se centran en el uso del ejercicio como terapia no invasiva para el manejo de este síntoma, debido a la evidencia científica sobre su efecto en otras patologías que cursan con dolor. Entre las distintas modalidades utilizadas como terapia, el ejercicio aeróbico ha sido utilizado en diversas investigaciones; sin embargo, la mayoría de estas investigaciones en humanos se centran en poblaciones de dolor neuropático secundario a la neuropatía diabética e inducida por quimioterapia. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica es aunar la evidencia en modelos humanos y animales acerca del ejercicio aeróbico en el dolor neuropático periférico de origen mecánico, tanto desde una perspectiva de mecanismos neurofisiológicos como su influencia directa en la experiencia de dolor neuropático. En modelos animales, el ejercicio aeróbico ha mostrado reducir estos cuadros dolorosos por diversos mecanismos que involucran a células inmunes como macrófagos y células gliales. Sin embargo, en humanos, no se ha valorado la influencia del ejercicio aeróbico como variable principal en esta condición concreta de dolor neuropático periférico.
Neuropathic pain is a limiting condition caused by multiple etiologies suffered by around 6-10% of the general population, which implies a high socioeconomic cost. It is experienced after a disease or injury to the somatosensory system and can be expressed in different phenotypes such as allodynia, continuous burning pain and paroxysmal pain. Some research focuses on the use of exercise as a non-invasive therapy for the management of this condition, due to scientific evidence on its effect on other painful conditions. Among the different modalities used as therapy, aerobic exercise has been used in various studies; however, most of this research in humans focuses on populations of neuropathic pain secondary to diabetic and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. The objective of this literature review is to combine the evidence in human and animal models about aerobic exercise in peripheral neuropathic pain of mechanical origin, from a perspective of neurophysiological mechanisms and their direct influence on the experience of neuropathic pain. In animal models, aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce these painful conditions by various mechanisms involving immune cells such as macrophages and glial cells. However, in humans, the influence of aerobic exercise has not been assessed as the main variable in this particular condition of peripheral neuropathic pain.
Neuropathic pain is a limiting condition caused by multiple etiologies suffered by around 6-10% of the general population, which implies a high socioeconomic cost. It is experienced after a disease or injury to the somatosensory system and can be expressed in different phenotypes such as allodynia, continuous burning pain and paroxysmal pain. Some research focuses on the use of exercise as a non-invasive therapy for the management of this condition, due to scientific evidence on its effect on other painful conditions. Among the different modalities used as therapy, aerobic exercise has been used in various studies; however, most of this research in humans focuses on populations of neuropathic pain secondary to diabetic and chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. The objective of this literature review is to combine the evidence in human and animal models about aerobic exercise in peripheral neuropathic pain of mechanical origin, from a perspective of neurophysiological mechanisms and their direct influence on the experience of neuropathic pain. In animal models, aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce these painful conditions by various mechanisms involving immune cells such as macrophages and glial cells. However, in humans, the influence of aerobic exercise has not been assessed as the main variable in this particular condition of peripheral neuropathic pain.