Publication: La señalización purinérgica como modulador de la neurogénesis posnatal y adulta
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2022-10-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La neurogénesis se define como la generación de nuevas neuronas funcionales a partir de las células madre neurales (NSCs). Éstas tienen, teóricamente, la capacidad de generar todos los tipos de células gliales y neuronales del sistema nervioso y de autorrenovarse en un número indefinido de veces sin perder su fenotipo y capacidad de diferenciarse (Gage, 2000,Weissman et al., 2001). Al final del desarrollo embrionario la mayoría de las neuronas del Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC) están formadas. No obstante el proceso de neurogénesis continúa tanto en la etapa posnatal como adulta. Numerosos grupos de investigación han tratado de identificar cuál es el comportamiento delas NSCs a lo largo de su progresión de linaje para dar lugar a las distintas poblaciones neurales así como elucidar cuáles son los mecanismos moleculares que controlan el proceso de la neurogénesis. Sin embargo, aún existen numerosos interrogantes por resolver. Entre ellos destacan: i) ¿Hasta qué punto las NSCs son dependientes de programas intrínsecos y/o de las señales provenientes de su nicho neurogénico a la hora de generar sus correspondientes linajes neurales? ii) ¿es una NSC capaz de dar lugar a los tres linajes neurales (astrocitos, oligodendrocitos y neuronas)? o ¿por el contrario presenta restricciones en la elección de su destino celular? iii) ¿Cuáles son las vías de señalización implicadas en la regulación del proceso de neurogénesis? En el presente trabajo pretendemos dar respuesta a algunas de estas cuestiones y analizar la implicación de la señalización mediada por nucleótidos en el comportamiento de las NSCs de dos nichos neurogénicos: el cerebelo posnatal y la zona subependimaria (SEZ) adulta...
Neurogenesis is defined as the generation of new functional neurons from neural stem cells(NSCs). These cells have the theorical capacity to generate all glial and neuronal cell types of the nervous system and to self-renew an indefinite number of times without losing their phenotype and ability to differentiate (Gage, 2000, Weissman et al., 2001). By the end of embryonic development most of the neurons of the Central Nervous System (CNS) are formed. However, the process of neurogenesis continues in both the posnatal and adult stages. Several studies have tried to identify the behavior of NSCs along their lineage progression to give rise to the different neural populations as well as to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that govern the process of neurogenesis. However, still many questions remain to be answered. Highlighted among them are: i) To what extent are NSCs dependent on intrinsic programs and/or signals from their neurogenic niche when generating their corresponding neural lineages? ii) Is an NSC capable of giving rise to the three neuralline ages (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons) or, conversely, does it exhibit restrictions in the choice of its cell fate? iii) What are the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the process of neurogenesis? In the present work we aim to answer some of these questions analysing the involvement of nucleotide-mediated signaling in the behavior of NSCs from two neurogenic niches: the posnatal cerebellum and the adult subependy malzone (SEZ)...
Neurogenesis is defined as the generation of new functional neurons from neural stem cells(NSCs). These cells have the theorical capacity to generate all glial and neuronal cell types of the nervous system and to self-renew an indefinite number of times without losing their phenotype and ability to differentiate (Gage, 2000, Weissman et al., 2001). By the end of embryonic development most of the neurons of the Central Nervous System (CNS) are formed. However, the process of neurogenesis continues in both the posnatal and adult stages. Several studies have tried to identify the behavior of NSCs along their lineage progression to give rise to the different neural populations as well as to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that govern the process of neurogenesis. However, still many questions remain to be answered. Highlighted among them are: i) To what extent are NSCs dependent on intrinsic programs and/or signals from their neurogenic niche when generating their corresponding neural lineages? ii) Is an NSC capable of giving rise to the three neuralline ages (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons) or, conversely, does it exhibit restrictions in the choice of its cell fate? iii) What are the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the process of neurogenesis? In the present work we aim to answer some of these questions analysing the involvement of nucleotide-mediated signaling in the behavior of NSCs from two neurogenic niches: the posnatal cerebellum and the adult subependy malzone (SEZ)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, leída el 20-06-2022