Publication: Estudio neuropsicológico del eje impulsividad-compulsividad y la sensibilidad a la recompensa en pacientes en tratamiento a la adicción a sustancias
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2022-10-13
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Pedrero Pérez, Eduardo José
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
A lo largo de los años, se han propuesto numerosos modelos neurocientíficos para para poder comprender las adicciones desde una perspectiva global de las neurociencias y con énfasis en sus aplicaciones para la evaluación y rehabilitación. Los modelos basados en la transición entre la impulsividad, o búsqueda de recompensa inmediata, y compulsividad, o alivio momentáneo del malestar y el modelo de alostasis y estrés explican la adicción como una transición desde una fase inicial en la que las drogas se consumen por sus efectos reforzantes, siendo mas vulnerables los individuos con altos niveles de impulsividad, hacia una fase de dependencia en la que las conductas de consumo se transforman en rituales compulsivos que se mantienen a pesar de sus consecuencias negativas. En 2008 se puso en marcha el Proyecto de Criterios de Dominio de Investigación (Research Domain Criteria-RDoC) basado en transformar el diagnóstico mediante la incorporación de la genética, la neuroimagen, la ciencia cognitiva y otros niveles de información, para asentar las bases de un nuevo sistema de clasificación y comprensión de los trastornos mentales...
Over the years, numerous neuroscientific models have been proposed to understand addictions from a global neuroscience perspective and with emphasis on their applications for assessment and rehabilitation. Models based on the transition between impulsivity, or the search for immediate reward, and compulsivity, or momentary relief of discomfort, and the allostasis and stress model explain addiction as a transition from an initial phase in which drugs are consumed for their reinforcing effects, with individuals with high levels of impulsivity being more vulnerable, to a phase of dependence in which consumption behaviors are transformed into compulsive rituals that are maintained despite their negative consequences. In 2008, the Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC) was launched, based on transforming diagnosis by incorporating genetics, neuroimaging, cognitive science and other levels of information, to lay the foundations for a new system of classification and understanding of mental disorders...
Over the years, numerous neuroscientific models have been proposed to understand addictions from a global neuroscience perspective and with emphasis on their applications for assessment and rehabilitation. Models based on the transition between impulsivity, or the search for immediate reward, and compulsivity, or momentary relief of discomfort, and the allostasis and stress model explain addiction as a transition from an initial phase in which drugs are consumed for their reinforcing effects, with individuals with high levels of impulsivity being more vulnerable, to a phase of dependence in which consumption behaviors are transformed into compulsive rituals that are maintained despite their negative consequences. In 2008, the Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC) was launched, based on transforming diagnosis by incorporating genetics, neuroimaging, cognitive science and other levels of information, to lay the foundations for a new system of classification and understanding of mental disorders...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, leída el 18-05-2022