Publication: Polinizadores silvestres en cultivos extensivos : toxicidad de insecticidas con distinto modo de acción usando como modelo el abejorro Bombus terrestris
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2022-11-04
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La polinización mediada por insectos es un servicio ecosistémico esencial para la subsistencia de las comunidades vegetales silvestres y para la agricultura, resultando imprescindible para la alimentación humana. En las últimas décadas se ha observado un declive global en las poblaciones de insectos polinizadores que no solo afectan a la abejade la miel (Apis mellifera), sino también a las comunidades de polinizadores silvestres. Se han identificado diversos factores como los causantes de este declive, siendo uno de ellos el aumento en la utilización de productos fitosanitarios en la agricultura, debido a que las abejas se ven expuestas a ellos cuando recolectan polen y néctar en los cultivos o sus alrededores. Dentro de la amplia variedad de productos fitosanitarios, se ha señalado a la familia delos insecticidas neonicotinoides como una de las principales causas implicadas en este declive. Distintos estudios ya habían demostrado sus efectos tóxicos letales y subletales sobre diferentes polinizadores. Por ello, en 2018 la Comisión Europea prohibió el uso al aire libre de tres de ellos, imidacloprid, tiametoxam y clotianidina, que afectó principalmente a los cultivos de maíz, girasol y colza europeos, que los utilizaban aplicados en la semilla. Tras esta prohibición, los agricultores buscaron alternativas a su uso con las que proteger sus cultivos. Una de las primeras opciones fue sustituirlos por otros insecticidas de la misma familia, como tiacloprid y acetamiprid...
Insect pollination is an essential ecosystem service for the subsistence of wild plants and for agriculture, and it is essential for human food security. In recent decades, a global decline in insect pollinator populations has been observed, affecting not only the honey bee (Apis mellifera), but also wild pollinator communities. Several factors have been identified as the cause of this decline, one of them being the increased use of plant protection products in agriculture, as bees are exposed to them when they are collecting pollen and nectar in and around crops. Within the wide variety of plant protection products, the neonicotinoid insecticides have been identified as one of the main causes implicated in this decline. Different studies had already demonstrated their lethal and sublethal toxic effects on different pollinators. Therefore, in 2018, the European Commission banned the outdoor use of three of them, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin. This ban mainly affected European maize, sunflower and oil seed rape crops, which used them in coated seeds. Following this ban, farmers sought alternatives to their use to protect their crops. One of the first options was to replace them with other insecticides of the same family, such as thiacloprid and acetamiprid...
Insect pollination is an essential ecosystem service for the subsistence of wild plants and for agriculture, and it is essential for human food security. In recent decades, a global decline in insect pollinator populations has been observed, affecting not only the honey bee (Apis mellifera), but also wild pollinator communities. Several factors have been identified as the cause of this decline, one of them being the increased use of plant protection products in agriculture, as bees are exposed to them when they are collecting pollen and nectar in and around crops. Within the wide variety of plant protection products, the neonicotinoid insecticides have been identified as one of the main causes implicated in this decline. Different studies had already demonstrated their lethal and sublethal toxic effects on different pollinators. Therefore, in 2018, the European Commission banned the outdoor use of three of them, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin. This ban mainly affected European maize, sunflower and oil seed rape crops, which used them in coated seeds. Following this ban, farmers sought alternatives to their use to protect their crops. One of the first options was to replace them with other insecticides of the same family, such as thiacloprid and acetamiprid...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 21-04-2022