Publication: Desarrollo de vacunas DIVA que confieran protección cruzada frente a distintos serotipos del virus de la peste equina africana
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2022-11-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El virus de la peste equina africana (AHSV) es un patógeno que afecta principalmente a equinos. Se trata de un arbovirus de la familia Reoviridae y del género Orbivirus transmitido por la mordedura de insectos infectados del género Culicoides.La enfermedad causada por este patógeno, la peste equina africana (AHS), es endémica en el África sub-sahariana, pero se han producido brotes ocasionalmente en el Norte de África, Oriente Medio, sur de Europa y recientemente en Tailandia en el año 2020. Factores como el cambio climático, el transporte internacional de animales, junto con la alta competencia vectorial demostrada por las especies de Culicoides y su distribución mundial, aumentan el riesgo de posibles brotes de AHSV en zonas libres de la enfermedad.La vacunación es la única estrategia efectiva para el control y la prevención de la peste equina africana. Sin embargo, las vacunas disponibles en la actualidad están basadas en virus atenuados, y aunque son relativamente eficaces, plantean problemas de seguridad por lo que está prohibido su uso en Europa. Debido a esto, diferentes grupos de investigación están trabajando en el desarrollo de vacunas de nueva generación basadas en proteínas recombinantes, partículas virales similares a virus (VLPs) y vectores virales recombinantes. Su objetivo es generar vacunas seguras, capaces de inducir una respuesta inmunitaria total y duradera en ausencia de adyuvantes, además de poder diferenciar serológicamente entre animales infectados y vacunados (DIVA)...
African Horse Sickness virus (AHSV) is a pathogen which affects principally to equids. This is an arbovirus classified within the Reoviridae family and the Orbivirus genus, that is transmitted primarily by the bite of infected insects of Culicoides species.The disease caused by this pathogen, African Horse Sickness (AHS), is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa although it occasionally spreads into North Africa, the Middle East and Southern Europe. Several factors such as global climate change, international trade of animals, together with the high vector competence of Culicoides and its worldwide distribution, increase the risk of future outbreaks of the disease in AHSV free countries.Vaccination is the only effective strategy to control and prevent this disease. Nevertheless, the current available vaccines based on attenuated viruses are not always effective and pose a number of safety concerns. Therefore, their use has not been approved in Europe. For this reason, several laboratories are working on the development of new generation vaccines based on recombinant proteins, Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) and recombinant viral vectors. Their aim is to obtain safe vaccines capable to induce complete protection against AHSV and long-lasting immune responses without adjuvants. At the same time, the use of these vaccines would allow differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA)...
African Horse Sickness virus (AHSV) is a pathogen which affects principally to equids. This is an arbovirus classified within the Reoviridae family and the Orbivirus genus, that is transmitted primarily by the bite of infected insects of Culicoides species.The disease caused by this pathogen, African Horse Sickness (AHS), is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa although it occasionally spreads into North Africa, the Middle East and Southern Europe. Several factors such as global climate change, international trade of animals, together with the high vector competence of Culicoides and its worldwide distribution, increase the risk of future outbreaks of the disease in AHSV free countries.Vaccination is the only effective strategy to control and prevent this disease. Nevertheless, the current available vaccines based on attenuated viruses are not always effective and pose a number of safety concerns. Therefore, their use has not been approved in Europe. For this reason, several laboratories are working on the development of new generation vaccines based on recombinant proteins, Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) and recombinant viral vectors. Their aim is to obtain safe vaccines capable to induce complete protection against AHSV and long-lasting immune responses without adjuvants. At the same time, the use of these vaccines would allow differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 13-05-2022