Publication: Esoterismo y geopolítica en la Unión Soviética
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2022-09
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Abstract
La Revolución de Octubre de 1917 consagró en Rusia un nuevo régimen político que tenía entre sus principales ejes vertebradores el materialismo y el ateísmo científico. Los postulados más ortodoxos del marxismo-leninismo afirmaban la inexistencia de Dios, así como el carácter de las religiones como “opio del pueblo” según la célebre frase de Marx; no se trataba solamente de una posición filosófica, sino de un verdadero activismo militante contra las creencias religiosas. El Partido Comunista, insatisfecho con la mera separación entre Estado y religión, llegaría aún más lejos abogando por la erradicación de las “supersticiones religiosas”, mediante un amplio programa de educación de las masas obreras y campesinas en los principios del ateísmo. Sin dejar de ser cierto todo lo anterior, en las últimas décadas y especialmente a partir de la disolución de la URSS han ido apareciendo estudios, libros y artículos que vienen a matizar aquella idea de radical oposición entre régimen comunista y religión en general, incluso llegando a plantear que en aquel país se realizaron numerosas investigaciones, experimentos y operaciones relacionadas con la mística, el esoterismo y los fenómenos paranormales; esos trabajos habrían sido desarrollados con apoyo estatal por investigadores, agentes y militantes del Partido ligados a los servicios de inteligencia, las fuerzas armadas y las instituciones científicas, no resultando ajenos a una determinada idea de la ciencia, la geopolítica y una Filosofía de la Historia que vendría a reconciliar y fusionar utópicas creencias religiosas y ateas acerca de una futura sociedad perfecta.
The October Revolution of 1917 enshrined a new political regime in Russia with materialism and scientific atheism as its main pillars. The most orthodox tenets of Marxism-Leninism affirmed the non-existence of God, as well as the character of religions as the "opium of the people" in Marx's famous phrase; this was not just a philosophical position, but a real militant activism against religious beliefs. The Communist Party, dissatisfied with the mere separation of state and religion, would go even further by advocating the eradication of "religious superstitions" by means of a broad programme of education of the masses of workers and peasants in the principles of atheism. While all of the above is true, in recent decades, and especially since the dissolution of the USSR, studies, books and articles have been appearing that qualify the idea of radical opposition between the communist regime and religion in general, even going so far as to suggest that numerous investigations, experiments and operations related to mysticism, esotericism and paranormal phenomena were carried out in that country; these works would have been carried out with state support by researchers, Party agents and militants linked to the intelligence services, the armed forces and scientific institutions, not unrelated to a certain idea of science, geopolitics and a Philosophy of History that would come to reconcile and merge utopian religious and atheistic beliefs about a future perfect society.
The October Revolution of 1917 enshrined a new political regime in Russia with materialism and scientific atheism as its main pillars. The most orthodox tenets of Marxism-Leninism affirmed the non-existence of God, as well as the character of religions as the "opium of the people" in Marx's famous phrase; this was not just a philosophical position, but a real militant activism against religious beliefs. The Communist Party, dissatisfied with the mere separation of state and religion, would go even further by advocating the eradication of "religious superstitions" by means of a broad programme of education of the masses of workers and peasants in the principles of atheism. While all of the above is true, in recent decades, and especially since the dissolution of the USSR, studies, books and articles have been appearing that qualify the idea of radical opposition between the communist regime and religion in general, even going so far as to suggest that numerous investigations, experiments and operations related to mysticism, esotericism and paranormal phenomena were carried out in that country; these works would have been carried out with state support by researchers, Party agents and militants linked to the intelligence services, the armed forces and scientific institutions, not unrelated to a certain idea of science, geopolitics and a Philosophy of History that would come to reconcile and merge utopian religious and atheistic beliefs about a future perfect society.