Publication: Puesta a punto del modelo de inducción de periodontitis mediante lavados orales: estudio preclínico in vivo
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2022
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Abstract
Objetivos: se pretende comparar la pérdida ósea y las variables clínicas periodontales obtenidas con un protocolo de inducción de periodontitis mediante lavados orales modificado en un tiempo variable de 4 a 12 semanas.
Material y métodos: estudio preclínico in vivo en el que se incluyeron ratas de la cepa Wistar: Han a las que se les indujo periodontitis mediante lavados orales con patógenos
periodontales (Porphyromonas gingivalis y Fusobacterium nucleatum) durante un tiempo variable de 4, 8 y 12 semanas. Se obtuvieron cuatro grupos: periodontitis 4 semanas (P+4s); periodontitis 8 semanas (P+8s); periodontitis 12 semanas (P+12s); y un grupo control (P-), que a su vez de dividió en otros tres subgrupos. Se midieron variables clínicas periodontales y niveles óseos alveolares mediante medidas morfométricas y micro-CT. Se aplicaron test estadísticos de ANOVA.
Resultados: De los 32 animales inicialmente incluidos en el estudio, tan sólo 28 animales completaron el experimento. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre grupos en cuanto a pérdida ósea y a variables clínicas periodontales a excepción de la variable cambio del índice de placa (IP). En cuanto a las variables clínicas periodontales (IP, índice gingival [IG], sangrado al sondaje [BoP, por sus siglas en inglés] y profundidad de sondaje [PS]) el grupo P+12s muestra los mayores niveles de IG y PS, mientras que el grupo P+8s mostro los mayores niveles de IP y BoP. Las medidas morfométricas muestran que la distancia LAC-cresta ósea en su punto más apical y a nivel de la furca es mayor en el grupo P-8s.
En contraposición, el micro-CT muestra que es el grupo P+8s el que mayor perdida ósea presenta.
Conclusiones: Aunque no existen de diferencias estadísticamente significativas, se sugiere que el tiempo de 8 semanas puede ser adecuado a la hora de realizar un protocolo de lavados orales.
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