Publication: Estudios sobre la polarización del mercado de trabajo en economías avanzadas : causas, variedades nacionales y consecuencias distributivas
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2022-11-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El debate en torno a las desigualdades del mercado laboral se aviva con cada crisis de empleo. Cuando el mercado de trabajo no funciona bien, o cuando lo hace peor que antes, las brechas que dividen ala población activa se hacen más visibles y la discusión sobre cuál es la institucionalidad adecuada se recrudece. En esta tesis nos proponemos abordar esta cuestión apoyándonos en dos corrientes de investigación principales, la literatura insider-outsider y los estudios de polarización, desde las que abordaremos el problema de las desigualdades laborales a través de la indagación en el fenómeno dela polarización del mercado laboral. Así, en el primer capítulo, se abordará cómo las variables institucionales influyen en la polarización del mercado de trabajo en economías avanzadas. Para ello, adoptando un enfoque de economía política que descansa en el influyente estudio de Esping-Andersen (1990) y en recientes trabajos de Thelen (2009, 2012, 2014), abordaremos las instituciones considerando sus implicaciones distributivas. Concretamente, desarrollamos y calculamos una serie de indicadores que intentan medir el nivel de protección que las instituciones proporcionan a aquellos trabajadores que ocupan posiciones de desventaja en el mercado de trabajo. Tras probar la robustez de los indicadores con pruebas de consistencia en función de su potencial uso clasificatorio, se ha procedido a comprobar el ajuste entre los valores de cada indicador y una agrupación de las economías avanzadas que recoge las clasificaciones más frecuentes en el campo de la Economía Política Comparada. De los resultados obtenidos en ambas pruebas extraemos dos criterios de uso que no solo son aplicables a los indicadores que desarrollamos, sino también a otros indicadores similares. El primero de estos criterios es que las diferencias menores en los valores de los indicadores no son estables, lo que implica que no sean significativas y, por tanto, que no sea posible atribuirlas a la existencia de rasgos institucionales diferenciados...
Following each employment crisis, debate surrounding labour market inequalities escalates. When labour markets do not work properly, or whenever its performance worsens, the gaps dividing laborforce become more visible and public discussion on what are the appropriate labour market institutions intensifies. In this thesis we address this issue by relying on the insider-outsider literature and polarization studies. By doing so, we will analyze the problem of labour inequalities from the phenomenon of labour market polarization. Thus, in the first chapter, we will address how institutional variables influence labor market polarization of advanced economies. To do so, from a political economy approach that rests on the influential study by Esping-Andersen (1990) and recent work by Thelen (2009, 2012, 2014), we will address institutions taking into account their distributional implications. Specifically, we propose and calculate a set of composite indicators to measure the level of protection that institutions provide to those workers who occupy disadvantageous positions within the labour market. After applying a robustness test based on the potential classificatory use of these indexes, we proceed to test how the values of each indicator match with a classification of advanced economies inspired by national groupings used in the field of Comparative Political Economy. The results we obtain in both tests serve us to establish two criteria to use our institutional indicators. First, minor differences in indicators values are not stable, meaning that they are not significant and, therefore, that it is not possible to use them to conclude the existence of differentiated institutional features...
Following each employment crisis, debate surrounding labour market inequalities escalates. When labour markets do not work properly, or whenever its performance worsens, the gaps dividing laborforce become more visible and public discussion on what are the appropriate labour market institutions intensifies. In this thesis we address this issue by relying on the insider-outsider literature and polarization studies. By doing so, we will analyze the problem of labour inequalities from the phenomenon of labour market polarization. Thus, in the first chapter, we will address how institutional variables influence labor market polarization of advanced economies. To do so, from a political economy approach that rests on the influential study by Esping-Andersen (1990) and recent work by Thelen (2009, 2012, 2014), we will address institutions taking into account their distributional implications. Specifically, we propose and calculate a set of composite indicators to measure the level of protection that institutions provide to those workers who occupy disadvantageous positions within the labour market. After applying a robustness test based on the potential classificatory use of these indexes, we proceed to test how the values of each indicator match with a classification of advanced economies inspired by national groupings used in the field of Comparative Political Economy. The results we obtain in both tests serve us to establish two criteria to use our institutional indicators. First, minor differences in indicators values are not stable, meaning that they are not significant and, therefore, that it is not possible to use them to conclude the existence of differentiated institutional features...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, leída el 19-04-2022