Publication: De Cántiga a La Galleguita : el viaje de ida y vuelta de la canción Unha noite na eira do trigo
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2022-11-22
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En el año 1927 se publicó un libro de pasajes de historia novelados titulado Momentos estelares de la humanidad. Su autor, el escritor austriaco Stefan Zweig, incluyó un prólogo esclarecedor sobre lo que concierne a la creación de un hito histórico. Zweig resalta que «cada momento estelar marca un rumbo durante décadas y siglos»2. Esta idea encierra la esencia de esta tesis, explicar cómo una canción se convirtió desde el instante de su creación en un símbolo identitario de una nación, perdurando como tal durante más de un siglo, hasta llegar a la actualidad. En la historia de la música gallega es difícil, si no imposible, encontrar una canción que iguale el impacto que produjo Unha noite na eira do trigo. Desde el momento de su composición, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, hasta hoy, la canción no ha dejado de estar presente en todo tipo de manifestaciones artísticas de la cultura gallega. Encarna el espíritu del emigrante, tanto en la Galicia territorial como en cualquier lugar del mundo adonde haya llegado la emigración gallega. Por tanto, debo apuntar que el concepto «Galicia» no ha de entenderse únicamente como el territorio peninsular que comprende sino que, en un sentido más amplio, incluye también aquellos destinos principales de la emigración del pueblo gallego. El presente trabajo lo centraré en Galicia y en La Habana como destino principal de la emigración gallega. A raíz de este planteamiento preliminar surge el siguiente interrogante: ¿a qué se debe la magnitud transversal que ha alcanzado esta canción a lo largo de la historia? De él emana un buen número de cuestiones como: ¿por qué ha calado con tanta fuerza en tan diversos estratos sociales, escenarios y soportes?, ¿es este éxito debido al poema y a la melodía en igual medida?, ¿alguno de ellos permanece en la memoria colectiva con mayor intensidad?, ¿por qué tanta controversia en cuanto a su autoría?..
A book about fictional history moments entitled Decisive Moments in History was published in 1927. The author, the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig, included an enlightening foreword on what goes into creating a historical landmark. Zweig highlights that every «critical moment that occurs in the world, it is decisive for decades and centuries»4. The essence of this idea is what surrounds the present dissertation: to explain how a song, from the very first moment it emerged, became a distinct symbol of a nation, remaining that way for more over than a century until nowadays. In the Galician music history it is difficult, if not impossible, to find a song that matches the impact that Unha noite na eira do trigo produced. From the time the tune aroused, in the last third of the 19th century, the song took place throughout all kind of cultural and artistic events of the Galician diaspora. This melody embodies the migrant soul, whether in the Galician soil or wherever the Galician migration settled. Therefore, I should clarify that the concept «Galicia» is not meant to be understood as the peninsular territory that occupies in the Northwest of Spain but, in a broader sense, the term «Galicia» includes also the diverse destinations of the Galician emigration. The present investigation puts the spotlight on Galicia and Havana, Cuba, as the main port of call of the Galician migration in the 19th century, and also the place the song led me to begin with. According to this preliminary approach, the first question arises: What is the reason why this song had reached a cross-disciplinary magnitude throughout history? And this one leads me to other questions such as: Why this song had so many presence in such different social strata and scenarios? Why has Unha noite been transcript and recorded in all kind of supports? Is this recognition due to the melody and the poem equally? Do any of them remain in the collective remembrance with greater intensity? Why its authorship is surrounded by so long lasting controversies?...
A book about fictional history moments entitled Decisive Moments in History was published in 1927. The author, the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig, included an enlightening foreword on what goes into creating a historical landmark. Zweig highlights that every «critical moment that occurs in the world, it is decisive for decades and centuries»4. The essence of this idea is what surrounds the present dissertation: to explain how a song, from the very first moment it emerged, became a distinct symbol of a nation, remaining that way for more over than a century until nowadays. In the Galician music history it is difficult, if not impossible, to find a song that matches the impact that Unha noite na eira do trigo produced. From the time the tune aroused, in the last third of the 19th century, the song took place throughout all kind of cultural and artistic events of the Galician diaspora. This melody embodies the migrant soul, whether in the Galician soil or wherever the Galician migration settled. Therefore, I should clarify that the concept «Galicia» is not meant to be understood as the peninsular territory that occupies in the Northwest of Spain but, in a broader sense, the term «Galicia» includes also the diverse destinations of the Galician emigration. The present investigation puts the spotlight on Galicia and Havana, Cuba, as the main port of call of the Galician migration in the 19th century, and also the place the song led me to begin with. According to this preliminary approach, the first question arises: What is the reason why this song had reached a cross-disciplinary magnitude throughout history? And this one leads me to other questions such as: Why this song had so many presence in such different social strata and scenarios? Why has Unha noite been transcript and recorded in all kind of supports? Is this recognition due to the melody and the poem equally? Do any of them remain in the collective remembrance with greater intensity? Why its authorship is surrounded by so long lasting controversies?...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 23-05-2022