Publication:
Accountability in Artificial Intelligence

Loading...
Thumbnail Image
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2022-11-01
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Citations
Google Scholar
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Journal Issue
Abstract
This work stresses the importance of AI accountability to citizens and explores how a fourth independent government branch/institutions could be endowed to ensure that algorithms in today´s democracies convene to the principles of Constitutions. The purpose of this fourth branch of government in modern democracies could be to enshrine accountability of artificial intelligence development, including software-enabled technologies, and the implementation of policies based on big data within a wider democratic regime context. The work draws on Philosophy of Science, Political Theory (Ethics and Ideas), as well as concepts derived from the study of democracy (responsibility and accountability) to make a theoretical analysis of what artificial intelligence (AI) means for the governance of society and what are the limitations of such type of AI governance. The discussion shows that human ideas, as cement of societies, make it problematic to enshrine governance of artificial intelligence into the world of devices. In ethical grounds, the work stresses an existing trade off between greater and faster advancement of technology, or innovation on the one hand, and human well being on the oher, where the later is not automatically guaranteed by default. This trade off is yet unresolved. The work contends that features of AI offer an opportunity to revise government priorities from a multilevel perspective, from the local to the upper levels.
Description
Keywords
Citation
ABELLÁN, J., & ARTACHO, P. A. (2020). BUROCRACIA Y ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA. EL PARADIGMA BUROCRÁTICO Y EL PENSAMIENTO WEBERIANO. In Democracia, Gobierno y Administración Pública contemporánea (pp. 43-64). Tecnos. BEKMAMEDOVA N., SHANKS G. Social media analytics and business value: a theoretical framework and case study. In: Proceedings of 2014 47th Hawaii international conference on system sciences (HICSS). IEEE. 2014. CAROU, H.C. and FRANZÉ, J. eds., 2013. Política y cultura: la tensión de dos lenguajes. Biblioteca Nueva. BEYER, MA, LANEY, D. The importance of ‘big data’: a definition. Gartner, Stamford. 2012. p. 2014–2018. BHARADWAJ, A., EL SAWY, O, PAVLOU, P. A. AND VENKATRAMAN, N. "Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights." MIS quarterly. 2013, p. 471-482. BLYTH, M. Ideas, uncertainty, and evolution. Ideas and politics in social science research. Oxford University Press, 2011, p. 83-101. BOYD, D., and CRAWFORD, K. "Critical questions for big data: Provocations for a cultural, technological, and scholarly phenomenon." Information, communication & society 15, no. 5, 2012, 662-679. CARTWRIGHT, N. Hunting causes and using them: Approaches in philosophy and economics. Cambridge University Press, 2007. CATH, C., WACHTER, S., MITTELSTADT, B., TADDEO, M., & FLORIDI, L. . Artificial intelligence and the ‘good society’: the US, EU, and UK approach. Science and engineering ethics, 24(2), 2018, p. 505-528. COASE, R. H. The market for goods and the market for ideas. The American Economic Review, 64(2), 1974, p. 384-391. CONSTANTIOU, I. D., and KALLINIKOS, J. "New games, new rules: big data and the changing context of strategy." Journal of Information Technology 30, no. 1, 2015, p. 44-57. CORTÉS-CEDIEL, María E.; GIL, Olga; CANTADOR, Iván. Defining the engagement life cycle in e-participation. Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Governance in the Data Age. 2018. p. 1-2. DAVIS, C.K. Beyond data and analysis. Communications of the ACM. 57(6), 2014, 39–41 European Parliament Committee on Legal Affairs. Civil law rules on robotics (2015/2103 (INL). Brussels, Belgium: European Parliament. 2016. Retrieved on December 13th, 2019 from: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/571379/IPOL_STU(2016)571379_EN.pdf European Union. European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation 2016/679. Brussels, Belgium. 2016. Retrieved on December 13th, 2019 from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj Executive Office of the President. Artificial intelligence, automation and the economy. Washington, DC, USA. 2016. Retrieved on December 13th, 2019 from: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/documents/Artificial-Intelligence-Automation-Economy.PDF Executive Office of the President National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology. Preparing for the future of artificial intelligence. Washington, DC, USA. 2016. Retrieved on December 13th, 2019 from: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/whitehouse_files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/preparing_for_the_future_of_ai.pdf FLORIDI, L., & TADDEO, M. What is data ethics? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0360 GALLIE, W. B. Essentially contested concepts. Proceedings of the Aristotelian society. 56, 1956, 167–198. doi:10. 1093/aristotelian/56.1.167 GANTZ, J, & REINSEL, D. The digital universe in 2020: big data, bigger digital shadows, and biggest growth in the far east. IDC iView: IDC Analyze the future. Vol. 2007. 2012, p. 1–16 GIL, O., NAVÍO, J., & PÉREZ DE HEREDIA, M. ¿Cómo se gobiernan las ciudades? Ciudades inteligentes. Casos comparados: Shangái, Iskandar, ciudades en Japón, Nueva York, Ámsterdam, Málaga, Santander y Tarragona. 2015. Tarragona: Silva Editorial. GIL, O. Telecomunicaciones y política en Estados Unidos y España (1875-2002): construyendo mercados. Madrid, Siglo XXI de España Editores, 2002. GLASMEIER, A., & NEBIOLO, M. Thinking about smart cities: The travels of a policy idea that promises a great deal, but so far has delivered modest results. Sustainability, 8(11), 2016, p. 1122. HELBING, D., FREY, B. S., GIGERENZER, G., HAFEN, E., HAGNER, M., HOFSTETTER, Y., & ZWITTER, A. Will democracy survive big data and artificial intelligence? Towards Digital Enlightenment. 2019, pp. 73-98. Springer, Cham. HELBING, D. Societal, economic, ethical and legal challenges of the digital revolution: from big data to deep learning, artificial intelligence, and manipulative technologies. En Towards Digital Enlightenment. Springer, Cham, 2019. p. 47-72. HILL, R. K. What an algorithm is. Philosophy & Technology, 29(1), 2016, pp. 35-59. KITCHIN, R. The ethics of smart cities and urban science. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 2016, 374: 20160115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0115 MATHESON, C. Weber and the Classification of Forms of Legitimacy. British Journal of Sociology, 1987, 199-215. MIKALEF, P., PAPPAS, I. O., KROGSTIE, J., & GIANNAKOS, M. Big data analytics capabilities: a systematic literature review and research agenda. Information Systems and e-Business Management, 16(3), 2018, 547-578. MULLIGAN, D.K., KOOPMAN, C., DOTY, N. Privacy is an essentially contested concept: a multi-dimensional analytic for mapping privacy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 2016. A374: 20160118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0118 MÜLLER, V. C. Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Palo Alto: CSLI, Stanford University. Forthcoming. http://plato.stanford.edu/ Las retrieved 17/01/2020 from https://philarchive.org/archive/MLLEOA-4 NYHOLM, S. Attributing agency to automated systems: reflections on human–robot collaborations and responsibility-loci. Science and engineering ethics, 24(4), 2018, pp. 1201-1219. RUSSOM, P. Big data analytics. TDWI Best Practices Report, Fourth Quarter, 2011, pp. 1–35 SCHROECK M, SHOCKLEY, R., SMART, J., ROMERO-MORALES D., TUFANO, P. Analytics: The real-world use of big data. IBM Global Business Services, 2012, pp. 1–20 SHAHROKNI, H., & SOLACOLU, A. Real-time ethics—A technology enabled paradigm of everyday ethics in smart cities: shifting sustainability responsibilities through citizen empowerment. In 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS), IEEE, 2015, November, pp. 1-5. SHARIFI, A. A critical review of selected smart city assessment tools and indicator sets. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019. STAMBOLIEV, E. Challenging Robot Morality: An Ethical Debate on Humanoid Companions, Dataveillance, and Algorithms (Doctoral dissertation, University of Plymouth). 2019. SUN, E.W., CHEN, Y.T., YU, M.T. Generalized optimal wavelet decomposing algorithm for big financial data. International Journal of Production Economics. 165, 2015, pp. 194–214 WHITE, C. Using big data for smarter decision making IBM. Yorktown Heights, New York, 2011. YIGITCANLAR, T, et al. "Can cities become smart without being sustainable? A systematic review of the literature," Sustainable cities and society, 2018. OTHER INTERNET SOURCES Canada’s Energy and Utility Regulators (CAMPUT) http://www.camput.org/ East Asia and Pacific Infrastructure Regulatory Forum (EAPIRF) http://www.eapirf.org/ Energy Regulators Regional Association (ERRA) http://www.erranet.org/ International Confederation of Energy Regulators (ICER) http://icer-regulators.net/ Mid-America Regulatory Conference (MARC) http://www.marc-conference.org/ Mid-Atlantic Conference of Regulatory Utilities Commissions (MACRUC) http://macruc.org/ National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) https://www.naruc.org National Association of Pipeline Safety Representatives (NAPSR) http://www.napsr.org/ National Conference of Regulatory Attorneys https://www.naruc.org/about-naruc/event-calendar/2020-national-conference-of-regulatory-attorneys/ National Conference of Regulatory Utility Engineers National Conference of State Transportation Specialists (NCSTS) http://ncsts.naruc.org/ National Regulatory Research Institute (NRRI) https://www.naruc.org/nrri/ New England Conference of Public Utilities Commissioners, Inc. (NECPUC) http://necpuc.org/ Organization of MISO States, Inc. (OMS) https://www.misostates.org/ Organization of PJM States, Inc. (OPSI) https://opsi.us/ Southeastern Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (SEARUC) http://www.searuc.org/ Western Conference of Public Service Commissioners (Western) http://western.naruc.org/