Publication: La traducción del inglés afroamericano de "Lo que el viento se llevó"
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2022-06
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Abstract
"Lo que el viento se llevó", publicado en 1936, es uno de los clásicos de la literatura estadounidense que utiliza el inglés afroamericano para caracterizar el habla de sus personajes negros. En este trabajo se han descrito los rasgos del inglés afroamericano presentes en las intervenciones de los personajes negros de la primera parte de esta novela de Margaret Mitchell mediante fichas de análisis. Se ha podido comprobar que la autora ha adaptado la escritura de las palabras para plasmar mayoritariamente rasgos fonológicos; también rasgos morfosintácticos y, en menor medida, léxico-semánticos. Tras el estudio de la traducción más antigua de 1938 y la más reciente de 2020 publicadas en francés de esta parte de la obra, se ha podido constatar que en todas las intervenciones se ha buscado adaptar el texto meta francés para preservar los rasgos del inglés afroamericano del original. Por el contrario, al analizar la primera traducción al español de 1943 y su revisión más moderna de 1977, se ha observado que los rasgos del inglés afroamericano presentes en el original se han neutralizado casi por completo, lo que ha provocado que se pierda la distinción entre el habla de los personajes blancos y los negros.
"Gone with the Wind", published in 1936, is one of the American classic works of literature that uses African American English to characterize the speech of its black characters. In this dissertation we have studied the speech of the black characters in the first part of this novel, written by Margaret Mitchell, with the help of analysis sheets to describe the distinctive features of African American English the author used. She has adapted the spelling of the words to depict mostly phonological features of AAE, but also morphosyntactic features and, to a lesser extent, lexicon, and semantic features. Then, after studying the earliest translation published in French in 1938 and the most recent translation, published in 2020, of this part of the novel, it was possible to confirm that the aim in every case was to adapt the French target text to preserve the AAE features present in the original work. By contrast, after analyzing the first translation into Spanish published in 1943 and its most recent revision of 1977, we could observe that the AAE features of the original work have been neutralized in practically every case, thus causing the loss of the distinction between the speech of the white and the black characters.
"Gone with the Wind", published in 1936, is one of the American classic works of literature that uses African American English to characterize the speech of its black characters. In this dissertation we have studied the speech of the black characters in the first part of this novel, written by Margaret Mitchell, with the help of analysis sheets to describe the distinctive features of African American English the author used. She has adapted the spelling of the words to depict mostly phonological features of AAE, but also morphosyntactic features and, to a lesser extent, lexicon, and semantic features. Then, after studying the earliest translation published in French in 1938 and the most recent translation, published in 2020, of this part of the novel, it was possible to confirm that the aim in every case was to adapt the French target text to preserve the AAE features present in the original work. By contrast, after analyzing the first translation into Spanish published in 1943 and its most recent revision of 1977, we could observe that the AAE features of the original work have been neutralized in practically every case, thus causing the loss of the distinction between the speech of the white and the black characters.