Publication: ¿Somos la misma persona a lo largo de la vida? Estudio de modulaciones cerebrales de la identidad personal mediante potenciales cerebrales evento-relacionados y análisis de fuentes cerebrales
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2021
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Abstract
La capacidad de distinguirnos de otras personas en un momento determinado, así también como la capacidad de detectar cambios personales a lo largo de la vida, son procesos fundamentales desde una perspectiva social y del desarrollo. Sin embargo, no se ha explorado lo suficiente la organización de la identidad del yo en función del tiempo. El objetivo principal del presente trabajo es explorar esta cuestión mediante el estudio de los potenciales cerebrales evento-relacionados (ERPs) y análisis de las fuentes cerebrales generadoras que generaron dichos potenciales. Para ello, los participantes tuvieron que realizar una tarea de reconocimiento mientras se presentaban caras con diferente identidad (yo, amigo/a, desconocido/a) y edad (edad adulta -como actual-, adolescencia y niñez -como pasado-). El análisis electrofisiológico ha mostrado que el componente N170 no ha sido sensible a los efectos de la identidad. En contraste, el componente N250 reflejó el índice neural más temprano asociado a un acceso priorizado de la identidad personal, probablemente debido a una facilitación atencional en el acceso en la memoria. Mientras que el componente P3 se asoció con la respuesta más robusta a la especificidad del yo, el componente LPC (late positive complex) fue el componente más sensible a la perspectiva temporal, discriminando la identidad del yo y su continuidad a lo largo del tiempo. El análisis de fuentes cerebrales ha mostrado que el procesamiento de la identidad personal involucra regiones cerebrales anteriores y posteriores. Estos hallazgos sugieren que, a pesar de los cambios vinculados con el paso del tiempo, nuestro sentido de ser la misma persona a lo largo del tiempo (continuidad del yo) es el núcleo temporal más estable de nuestra identidad personal y puede verse actualizado en la memoria a largo plazo.
The ability to distinguish ourselves from other people at a given time, as well as the ability to detect personal changes throughout life, are fundamental processes from a social and developmental perspective. However, the organization of self-identity as a function of time has not been sufficiently explored. The main goal of the present work is to explore this issue by studying event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and analyzing the brain sources that elicited these potentials. For this purpose, participants had to perform a recognition task while being presented with faces with different identity (self, friend, stranger) and age (adulthood -as current-, adolescence and childhood -as past-). Electrophysiological analysis (ERPs) showed that the N170 component was not sensitive to identity effects. In contrast, the N250 component reflected the earliest neural index associated with prioritized access to personal identity, probably due to attentional facilitation of memory access. While the P3 component was associated with the most robust response to self-specificity, the LPC (late positive complex) component was the component most sensitive to time perspective, discriminating self-identity and its continuity over time. Brain source analysis has shown that self-processing involves anterior and posterior brain areas. These findings suggest that, despite changes linked to the time, our sense of being the same person over time (self-continuity) is the most stable temporal core of our personal identity and can be seen updated in long-term memory.
The ability to distinguish ourselves from other people at a given time, as well as the ability to detect personal changes throughout life, are fundamental processes from a social and developmental perspective. However, the organization of self-identity as a function of time has not been sufficiently explored. The main goal of the present work is to explore this issue by studying event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and analyzing the brain sources that elicited these potentials. For this purpose, participants had to perform a recognition task while being presented with faces with different identity (self, friend, stranger) and age (adulthood -as current-, adolescence and childhood -as past-). Electrophysiological analysis (ERPs) showed that the N170 component was not sensitive to identity effects. In contrast, the N250 component reflected the earliest neural index associated with prioritized access to personal identity, probably due to attentional facilitation of memory access. While the P3 component was associated with the most robust response to self-specificity, the LPC (late positive complex) component was the component most sensitive to time perspective, discriminating self-identity and its continuity over time. Brain source analysis has shown that self-processing involves anterior and posterior brain areas. These findings suggest that, despite changes linked to the time, our sense of being the same person over time (self-continuity) is the most stable temporal core of our personal identity and can be seen updated in long-term memory.
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