Publication: La intelectualidad comunista y los debates ideológicos del campo socialista: fragmentos de una larga crisis (1956-1989)
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2023-01-20
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El objetivo fundamental de este estudio ha sido comprender las crisis y los debates del movimiento comunista internacional a través de la figura del intelectual marxista ligado o cercano al partido comunista. Se ha pretendido demostrar así el valor del papel de los intelectuales militantes para analizar el desarrollo del comunismo y su debacle final durante los años ochenta del siglo XX. En esta tesis doctoral se analiza la interpretación política e ideológica que, de una serie de momentos históricos trascendentales para la corriente comunista internacional, fundamentalmente en la segunda mitad del siglo XX, realizaron los citados intelectuales, en contraposición con otros actores políticos como la dirección de los partidos comunistas nacionales y su militancia. Los intelectuales, además del interés intrínseco que pueden despertar, representan o anticipan contradicciones políticas e ideológicas delos partidos comunistas en los momentos estudiados por su condición de teóricos y/o críticos en los que se apoyaba la construcción de buena parte delos discursos comunistas. Los episodios que se analizan aquí son momentos críticos para el poderoso movimiento político y social que representaba el comunismo, y que se sitúan en etapas de transición en la trayectoria de este. Los ejemplos de estas coyunturas que hemos elegido son el año 1956 y la invasión soviética de Budapest, 1968 y la intervención soviética en Checoslovaquia y el colapso del bloque socialista en la década de los ochenta. Considero que se trata de puntos focales en la definición del movimiento comunista, crisis que se saldaron con expulsiones, alejamientos, disidencias y replanteamientos. Por ello, los intelectuales afines o interesados por el movimiento comunista se vieron obligados a definir su postura con respecto a estos momentos...
The main objective of this study has been to understand the crises and debates of the international communist movement through the figure of the Marxist intellectual connected or close to the communist party. The aim has been to demonstrate the value of the role of militant intellectuals in analyzing the development of communism and its final debacle during the 1980's.This doctoral thesis analyzes the political and ideological interpretation that, of a series of transcendental historical moments for the international communist current, fundamentally in the second half of the 20th century, carried out by the intellectuals, in contrast to other political actors such as the leadership of the national communist parties and their militancy. The intellectuals, in addition to the intrinsic interest that they can arouse, represent, or anticipate, the political and ideological contradictions of the communist parties in the moments studied due to their condition as theorists and / or critics on which the construction of a good part of the communist discourses was based. The episodes analyzed here are critical moments for the powerful political and social movement that communism represented, and which are in transition stages in its trajectory. The examples of these conjunctures that we have chosen are the year 1956 and the Soviet invasion of Budapest, 1968 and the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia and the collapse of the socialist bloc in the 1980s. I believe that these are focal points in the definition of the communist movement, a crisis that resulted in expulsions, estrangements, dissidence, and rethinking. For this reason, intellectuals related to or interested in the communist movement were forced to define their position with respect to these moments...
The main objective of this study has been to understand the crises and debates of the international communist movement through the figure of the Marxist intellectual connected or close to the communist party. The aim has been to demonstrate the value of the role of militant intellectuals in analyzing the development of communism and its final debacle during the 1980's.This doctoral thesis analyzes the political and ideological interpretation that, of a series of transcendental historical moments for the international communist current, fundamentally in the second half of the 20th century, carried out by the intellectuals, in contrast to other political actors such as the leadership of the national communist parties and their militancy. The intellectuals, in addition to the intrinsic interest that they can arouse, represent, or anticipate, the political and ideological contradictions of the communist parties in the moments studied due to their condition as theorists and / or critics on which the construction of a good part of the communist discourses was based. The episodes analyzed here are critical moments for the powerful political and social movement that communism represented, and which are in transition stages in its trajectory. The examples of these conjunctures that we have chosen are the year 1956 and the Soviet invasion of Budapest, 1968 and the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia and the collapse of the socialist bloc in the 1980s. I believe that these are focal points in the definition of the communist movement, a crisis that resulted in expulsions, estrangements, dissidence, and rethinking. For this reason, intellectuals related to or interested in the communist movement were forced to define their position with respect to these moments...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 29/06/2022