Publication: El problema de las preferencias en la democracia: un acercamiento desde la óptica de la racionalidad acotada
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Publication Date
2018
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Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
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Abstract
Uno de los principales temas de discusión de la teoría política contemporánea es la cuestión de la naturaleza de las preferencias de los ciudadanos y la capacidad atribuida a estos para participar de forma directa en los asuntos públicos. Sin embargo, reformas legislativas en Europa abogan por implementar nuevos instrumentos destinados a implicar a la ciudadanía en el proceso de deliberación y toma de decisiones en la gestión pública. Desde la teoría económica de la democracia, a menudo se cuestionan los modelos participativos, entre otras cosas, por la imposibilidad que se imputa a tales modelos para permitir una decisión racional. Se supone que el ciudadano se ve afectado por un amplio conjunto de restricciones, como escasez de información, invariabilidad de sus opiniones y creencias o su perfil no técnico, que han servido como argumento para deslegitimar la viabilidad de la participación directa de la ciudadanía. En este trabajo, pretendemos abordar esta problemática desde una óptica distinta. Desde los años sesenta, han florecido distintos modelos de racionalidad (por ejemplo, la racionalidad acotada, de H. Simon), lo cual ha contribuido a dibujar un perfil de ciudadano más flexible y realista que el ofrecido por la racionalidad clásica. Según estos modelos, los sujetos racionales amoldan su decisión a tenor de las características del entorno y de la información disponible, para, de este modo, tomar una decisión eficiente que responda lo mejor posible a las demandas de dicho entorno. Analizando la participación desde esta óptica, postularemos la pertinencia de formas de participación en un espacio público regulado.
One of the challenges face contemporary democracies is linked to the individuals preferences. It has been subject of politics theory and reciently differents legislative reforms in Europe have tried to solve the problem through new mechanism involving citizenship directly in public managment. The aim pursued is to create the conditions to citizens participate into policy-making (getting involved in deliberation and decision making proccess). From democracy economics theory is often questioned the participative models, because, it is said, through these models people can not get involved in a rational decision making procces. The citizens are affected by a huge constrains as information scarce, invariabilty of opinions and believes or because of their non proffesional feature. These elements are taken to denied the viability of citizenship direct participation. In this article, we approch this controversy from a differnt point of view. New models of rationality (bouded rationality, H. Simon) has appeared during the last decades which challence somo basic Rational choice hypothesis. H. Simon states the rational agents adapt their decisions taking into account enviromental task and the information available in it. We will analyce political participation from the conception of bonded rationality in order to test participation relevance on public regulated scenary.
One of the challenges face contemporary democracies is linked to the individuals preferences. It has been subject of politics theory and reciently differents legislative reforms in Europe have tried to solve the problem through new mechanism involving citizenship directly in public managment. The aim pursued is to create the conditions to citizens participate into policy-making (getting involved in deliberation and decision making proccess). From democracy economics theory is often questioned the participative models, because, it is said, through these models people can not get involved in a rational decision making procces. The citizens are affected by a huge constrains as information scarce, invariabilty of opinions and believes or because of their non proffesional feature. These elements are taken to denied the viability of citizenship direct participation. In this article, we approch this controversy from a differnt point of view. New models of rationality (bouded rationality, H. Simon) has appeared during the last decades which challence somo basic Rational choice hypothesis. H. Simon states the rational agents adapt their decisions taking into account enviromental task and the information available in it. We will analyce political participation from the conception of bonded rationality in order to test participation relevance on public regulated scenary.