Publication: Derecho de excepción, Constitución y covid-19. Luces y sombras del estado de alarma en el contexto actual
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Publication Date
2022
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La CE 78 en su art. 116.1 contempla la posibilidad de declaración por parte del Gobierno del estado de alarma, y la Ley Orgánica 4/1981 recoge expresamente la oportunidad de declaración de este régimen extraordinario en caso de crisis sanitarias tales como epidemias. Desde una perspectiva puramente legislativa, el Estado español, al igual que sus vecinos europeos, dispone ciertamente de otras leyes que harían posible adoptar medidas similares a las que habilita el estado de alarma sin necesidad de centralizar en el Ejecutivo la adopción de decisiones. La cuestión es si solo la declaración de estado de alarma ampara la posibilidad de limitar la circulación de personas por el territorio nacional, cómo y por qué. Por su parte, el art. 55 CE 78 prescribe el estado de excepción para la suspensión de derechos, pero nada dice respecto al estado de alarma. En este trabajo analizaremos cómo encajar este aparente conflicto de normas, y abordaremos la conveniencia de optar por una u otra centrando la atención en los necesarios equilibrios con las comunidades autónomas.
The CE 78 in its art. 116.1 contemplates the possibility of declaration by the Government of the state of alarm and Organic Law 4/1981 expressly includes the opportunity of declaration of this extraordinary regime in case of health crises such as epidemics. From a purely legislative perspective, the Spanish State, like its European neighbours, certainly has other laws that would make it possible to adopt measures similar to those that enable the state of alarm without the need to centralize decision-making in the executive. The question is whether only the declaration of a state of alarm protects the possibility of limiting the movement of people through the national territory, how and why. For its part, art. 55 EC 78 prescribes the state of exception for the suspension of rights, but says nothing about the state of alarm. In this paper we will analyze how to fit in this apparent conflict of norms and we will address the advisability of opting for one or the other, focusing on the necessary balances with the Autonomous Communities.
The CE 78 in its art. 116.1 contemplates the possibility of declaration by the Government of the state of alarm and Organic Law 4/1981 expressly includes the opportunity of declaration of this extraordinary regime in case of health crises such as epidemics. From a purely legislative perspective, the Spanish State, like its European neighbours, certainly has other laws that would make it possible to adopt measures similar to those that enable the state of alarm without the need to centralize decision-making in the executive. The question is whether only the declaration of a state of alarm protects the possibility of limiting the movement of people through the national territory, how and why. For its part, art. 55 EC 78 prescribes the state of exception for the suspension of rights, but says nothing about the state of alarm. In this paper we will analyze how to fit in this apparent conflict of norms and we will address the advisability of opting for one or the other, focusing on the necessary balances with the Autonomous Communities.