Publication: ¿Qué es lo “fallido”? ¿Los Estados del Sur, o la investigación y las políticas de Occidente? Un estudio sobre órdenes Políticos híbridos y los Estados emergentes
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2008
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Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales (ICEI)
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Abstract
Este documento de trabajo discute desde una perspectiva crítica el discurso sobre los Estados frágiles y fallidos y revisa los actuales debates sobre la construcción del Estado. Los autores argumentan a favor de una conceptualización alternativa de los Estados que emergen de órdenes políticos híbridos. Los órdenes políticos híbridos combinan elementos de modelos de gobernanza de Occidente, introducidos por éste, y elementos que provienen de las prácticas y tradiciones locales. Se identifican las limitaciones de ejemplos convencionales de construcción del Estado en Timor-Leste, y se contrastan con los éxitos que emanan de enfoques más innovadores de construcción de la paz y de formación del Estado en Somalilandia y Bouganville. Los autores concluyen que los enfoques de transformación del conflicto, construcción de la paz y de formación del Estado solo tendrán éxito a largo plazo si se vinculan con las fuentes de resiliencia y de legitimidad local en el seno de las comunidades y las instituciones consuetudinarias no estatales, y si se intenta forjar relaciones
constructivas entre las comunidades y los gobiernos.
This paper critically discusses the discourse on fragile and failing states and reviews current debates about state-building. The authors argue for an alternative conceptualization of states emerging from hybrid political orders. Hybrid political orders combine elements of the introduced Western models of governance and elements stemming from local indigenous traditions and practices. Shortcomings in a conventional example of state-building are identified in relation to East Timor, and are contrasted with successes flowing from more innovative approaches to peacebuilding and state formation in Somaliland and Bougainville. The authors conclude that approaches to conflict transformation, peacebuilding and state formation will only be successful in the long term if they engage with local sources of resilience and legitimacy within communities and non-state customary institutions, and if they seek to forge constructive relationships between communities and governments.
This paper critically discusses the discourse on fragile and failing states and reviews current debates about state-building. The authors argue for an alternative conceptualization of states emerging from hybrid political orders. Hybrid political orders combine elements of the introduced Western models of governance and elements stemming from local indigenous traditions and practices. Shortcomings in a conventional example of state-building are identified in relation to East Timor, and are contrasted with successes flowing from more innovative approaches to peacebuilding and state formation in Somaliland and Bougainville. The authors conclude that approaches to conflict transformation, peacebuilding and state formation will only be successful in the long term if they engage with local sources of resilience and legitimacy within communities and non-state customary institutions, and if they seek to forge constructive relationships between communities and governments.
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Este documento de trabajo se ha publicado en inglés por el Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict
Management de Berlín (Alemania). Traducción al castellano de Luis Elizondo y José Antonio Sanahuja.
La versión en castellano se publica con la autorización de dicho Centro y de los autores, en el marco del
programa de investigación sobre seguridad, desarrollo y cooperación del Instituto Complutense de Estudios
Internacionales.
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