Publication: Estudio psicoanalítico de la función paterna en la Odisea
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2016-02-25
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Desde los inicios del psicoanálisis, Freud recurrió a los mitos para estudiar los fenómenos psíquicos presentes en el sujeto y en la cultura. En el presente trabajo se revisan las contribuciones de Freud al estudio de la función y la figura paterna, así como las posteriores aportaciones de Lacan. Ambas perspectivas constituyen la base teórica para analizar la función paterna en la Odisea. El padre en la obra de Freud es fundamentalmente aquel del complejo de Edipo, un padre que despierta sentimientos ambivalentes en el hijo, odiado y temido a la vez que amado y anhelado. Lacan retoma la dialéctica edípica, pero coloca en el centro de la cuestión el deseo de la madre, quien posibilita el acceso del niño a lo simbólico a través del significante Nombre del Padre. Los mitos no sólo estructuran a la sociedad, sino al propio individuo; en ellos se depositan el pensamiento irracional y los conflictos fundamentales de la existencia humana. En la Odisea, obra de la mitología griega, encontramos la figura de Ulises, prototipo del padre ausente que añora el regreso a su hogar, pero también mantiene el deseo de aventura. En esta tesis analizamos su función como padre de Telémaco, su papel como hijo ante Zeus y Poseidón, y su retorno a Ítaca para recuperar su lugar en la familia. El análisis de la función paterna en la Odisea nos muestra la imagen de un padre ausente, así como un sistema de dioses y padres despóticos y a la vez protectores. Esto indica que desde la antigüedad la figura del padre ha sido cuestionada, sin que por ello dejara de ejercer su función simbólica. La crisis actual está ubicada en la figura o imagen paterna, pero su función ha permanecido constante en la estructura psíquica y social, como los mitos en la cultura.
Since the beginning of psychoanalysis, Freud relied in the myths to study the psychic phenomena in the subject and in the culture. In this work are reviewed Freud’s contributions to the study of the paternal function and figure, and the subsequent contributions of Lacan. Both perspectives establish the theoretical basis for analyzing the parental role in the Odyssey. The father in Freud's work is essentially the one of Oedipus complex, a father who raises ambivalent feelings in the child, hated and feared as well as loved and cherished. Lacan returns to oedipal dialectic, but he places in the center of the issue the desire of the mother, she provides the child access to the symbolic through the significant Name of the Father. Myths not only structure the society, but also the individual himself; in them, the irrational thinking and the fundamental conflicts of human existence are deposited. In the Odyssey, the work of Greek mythology, we find the figure of Ulysses, the prototype of the absent father who wants to return home, but also keeps the desire for adventure. In this thesis we analyze the role of Ulysses as father of Telemachus, his role as son of Zeus and Poseidon, and his return to Ithaca to recover his place in the family. The analysis of the parental role in the Odyssey shows us the image of an absent father, and a system of gods and parents despotic and protective at the same time. This indicates that since ancient times the father figure has been questioned, without ceasing to exercise their symbolic function. The current crisis is located in the paternal figure or image, but his function has remained constant in the psychic and social structure, as the myths in the culture.
Since the beginning of psychoanalysis, Freud relied in the myths to study the psychic phenomena in the subject and in the culture. In this work are reviewed Freud’s contributions to the study of the paternal function and figure, and the subsequent contributions of Lacan. Both perspectives establish the theoretical basis for analyzing the parental role in the Odyssey. The father in Freud's work is essentially the one of Oedipus complex, a father who raises ambivalent feelings in the child, hated and feared as well as loved and cherished. Lacan returns to oedipal dialectic, but he places in the center of the issue the desire of the mother, she provides the child access to the symbolic through the significant Name of the Father. Myths not only structure the society, but also the individual himself; in them, the irrational thinking and the fundamental conflicts of human existence are deposited. In the Odyssey, the work of Greek mythology, we find the figure of Ulysses, the prototype of the absent father who wants to return home, but also keeps the desire for adventure. In this thesis we analyze the role of Ulysses as father of Telemachus, his role as son of Zeus and Poseidon, and his return to Ithaca to recover his place in the family. The analysis of the parental role in the Odyssey shows us the image of an absent father, and a system of gods and parents despotic and protective at the same time. This indicates that since ancient times the father figure has been questioned, without ceasing to exercise their symbolic function. The current crisis is located in the paternal figure or image, but his function has remained constant in the psychic and social structure, as the myths in the culture.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, Departamento de Filosofía Teorética, leída el 12-01-2016