Publication: Biodiversidad de abejas (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) de la flora acompañante en un cafetal con manejo rústico y ecológico de la región subcaribeña (México, Mesoamérica)
Loading...
Files
Official URL
Full text at PDC
Publication Date
2016-03-14
Authors
Advisors (or tutors)
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Citations
Exportar
Abstract
México, es el cuarto país más diverso del mundo y el 67% de su superficie está dedicada a ecosistemas manejados por el ser humano. Dentro de todos los ecosistemas mexicanos, el que mayor biodiversidad alberga en relación al espacio que ocupa es el bosque mesófilo de montaña. Este tipo de ecosistema se encuentra muy amenazado, ya que más del 50% de su territorio ha sido reemplazado por otros usos del suelo, como son las plantaciones de café, el principal producto de exportación de México. El 83% de este cultivo se realiza con el método tradicional, cuyo impacto es bajo, ya que intercala plantas de café con elementos vegetales del bosque original, de modo que la estructura vegetal de este sistema agroforestal es muy parecida a la del bosque nativo y por ello puede albergar numerosas especies. Es por tanto, un agroecosistema que promueve un desarrollo sostenible con el medio ambiente. Para el mantenimiento y desarrollo de los ecosistemas terrestres son esenciales los agentes animales como polinizadores. El ser humano se beneficia directamente de esta labor ya que de este tipo de polinización dependen entre el 74-84% de las plantas cultivadas como alimento, de este total, el 78% se debe a la polinización entomófila. El café (Coffea arabica L.) presenta autopolinización, pero si intervienen los insectos, la producción del fruto aumenta en un 14,6%. Las abejas constituyen el principal grupo de agentes polinizadores, por su diversidad y por su eficiencia como visitantes florales. Cumplen por lo tanto un papel fundamental en el funcionamiento y desarrollo de los ecosistemas, así como en el consecuente mantenimiento de la variabilidad genética y específica y son el 90% de los polinizadores agrícolas. Dentro de las abejas, no solo Apis mellifera L., 1758 interviene en este tipo de polinización, sino que, las abejas silvestres son importantes y en numerosas ocasiones mucho más eficientes. Las abejas nativas, además de representar mayor diversidad de polinizadores, son esenciales ya que estabilizan el servicio ecológico de la polinización en el tiempo, amortiguando así la pérdida de algunas especies. Se hace necesario, entonces, conservar sus hábitats dentro de los paisajes agrícolas...
Mexico, is the fourth most diverse country in the world with up to 67% of its area dedicated to human managed ecosystems. Within all the Mexican ecosystems, the largest biodiversity in comparison to its surface area is the cloud forest. This type of ecosystem is in deep danger, as over 50% of its territory has been replaced for other human uses, like coffee plantations, which is the main Mexican export product. The 83% of this crop is harvested by traditional means, producing low impact, because it interlays coffee plants with those of the autochthonous forest, this way the vegetal structure of the agroforest system is very similar to the native’s forest structure, holding numerous species. Therefore, an agroecosystem that promotes a sustainable progress with the environment. For the maintenance and development of the terrestrial ecosystems, the pollinators animals are essential. The human beings benefits directly from this intervention, because 74-84% of the human eating crops depend on this kind of pollination, 78% of this total is entomophilous pollination. The coffee (Coffea arabica L.) presents auto-pollination, but with insect intervention the total production is increased by 14, 6%. The bees are the main pollination agents, because of their diversity and their efficiency as floral visitors. They fit a fundamental role in the convenient functioning and development of the ecosystems, as for maintaining the consequences of genetic and specific variability, which are the 90% of agriculture’s pollinators. Within the bees, not only Apis mellifera L., 1758 intervenes in this kind of pollination, but also the wild bees are important and in numerous occasions they are even more efficient. The native bees, also represent the biggest diversity of pollinators, they are essential as they stabilize the ecological pollination service within time, cushioning this way the loss of species. It is by far necessary the conservation of their habitats within the agriculture lands...
Mexico, is the fourth most diverse country in the world with up to 67% of its area dedicated to human managed ecosystems. Within all the Mexican ecosystems, the largest biodiversity in comparison to its surface area is the cloud forest. This type of ecosystem is in deep danger, as over 50% of its territory has been replaced for other human uses, like coffee plantations, which is the main Mexican export product. The 83% of this crop is harvested by traditional means, producing low impact, because it interlays coffee plants with those of the autochthonous forest, this way the vegetal structure of the agroforest system is very similar to the native’s forest structure, holding numerous species. Therefore, an agroecosystem that promotes a sustainable progress with the environment. For the maintenance and development of the terrestrial ecosystems, the pollinators animals are essential. The human beings benefits directly from this intervention, because 74-84% of the human eating crops depend on this kind of pollination, 78% of this total is entomophilous pollination. The coffee (Coffea arabica L.) presents auto-pollination, but with insect intervention the total production is increased by 14, 6%. The bees are the main pollination agents, because of their diversity and their efficiency as floral visitors. They fit a fundamental role in the convenient functioning and development of the ecosystems, as for maintaining the consequences of genetic and specific variability, which are the 90% of agriculture’s pollinators. Within the bees, not only Apis mellifera L., 1758 intervenes in this kind of pollination, but also the wild bees are important and in numerous occasions they are even more efficient. The native bees, also represent the biggest diversity of pollinators, they are essential as they stabilize the ecological pollination service within time, cushioning this way the loss of species. It is by far necessary the conservation of their habitats within the agriculture lands...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, leída el 30-11-2015