Publication: Estudio de las anomalías estructurales del esmalte en niños nacidos en condiciones de riesgo y tratados en unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales
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2016-04-20
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En los últimos 20-30 años, los avances en la atención perinatal han reducido la mortalidad y la morbilidad en los recién nacidos de alto riesgo. Algunas de las complicaciones más graves, entre los niños nacidos antes de las 28 semanas de gestación y con peso extremadamente bajo al nacer, son la dificultad respiratoria, la displasia broncopulmonar, la enterocolitis necrotizante, la retinopatía del prematuro, los trastornos metabólicos y el ductus arterioso persistente, junto con el riesgo de patologías infecciosas. Estas condiciones pueden estar asociadas con problemas de alimentación y falta de una nutrición óptima, incluyendo micronutrientes, durante el periodo neonatal. Estudios previos han descrito una mayor prevalencia de defectos de desarrollo del esmalte (DDE) en la dentición temporal de los recién nacidos de riesgo, especialmente en los niños con bajo peso al nacer y en los prematuros. El desarrollo del esmalte en la dentición temporal se inicia en la sexta semana de gestación; la calcificación inicial se lleva a cabo en el cuarto mes intrauterino y completa su desarrollo meses después del nacimiento...
Over the past 20-30 years, advances in perinatal care have reduced mortality and morbidity in high-risk newborns. The life of these children, however, may not be without complications. Some of the more serious complications, seen almost entirely among newborns delivery before 28 weeks of gestation and with extreme low birth weight, are respiratory distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, metabolic disorders and persistent ductusarteriosus, along with risk of infection. These conditions may be associated with poor feeding and lack of optimal nutrition, including vitamin and mineral deficiency for shorter or longer periods of time. Previous studies have reported a higher prevalence of developmental enamel defects (DDE) in the primary dentition of high-risk neonates, especially low birthweight and preterm children. The development of dental enamel in the primary dentition starts in the sixth week of gestation; the initial calcification takes place in the fourth month and completes its development several months after birth. During tooth development, several factors can affect ameloblastic function and lead to developmental enamel defects...
Over the past 20-30 years, advances in perinatal care have reduced mortality and morbidity in high-risk newborns. The life of these children, however, may not be without complications. Some of the more serious complications, seen almost entirely among newborns delivery before 28 weeks of gestation and with extreme low birth weight, are respiratory distress, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, metabolic disorders and persistent ductusarteriosus, along with risk of infection. These conditions may be associated with poor feeding and lack of optimal nutrition, including vitamin and mineral deficiency for shorter or longer periods of time. Previous studies have reported a higher prevalence of developmental enamel defects (DDE) in the primary dentition of high-risk neonates, especially low birthweight and preterm children. The development of dental enamel in the primary dentition starts in the sixth week of gestation; the initial calcification takes place in the fourth month and completes its development several months after birth. During tooth development, several factors can affect ameloblastic function and lead to developmental enamel defects...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid de la Facultad de Odontología del Departamento de Estomatología IV, leída el 18-01-2016