Publication: Rehabilitación neuropsicológica en el maltrato infantil
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2016-05-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El maltrato infantil es uno de los problemas de salud pública más graves en el mundo, que afecta a millones de niños y adolescentes de todas las sociedades y culturas. Existen varias modalidades que incluyen el maltrato físico, psicológico, el abuso sexual, la negligencia y la violencia doméstica. Las víctimas generalmente son vulnerables al maltrato en su propio hogar y los maltratadores son familiares directos. El maltrato crónico provoca una activación frecuente y prolongada de los sistemas de respuesta al estrés que sobrepasan la capacidad del niño de afrontarlo; esto genera una cascada de efectos neurobiológicos, fisiológicos y neuroendocrinos, que impiden una adaptación adecuada del niño al medio desde el punto de vista cognitivo, emocional y conductual. El tratamiento de los niños maltratados se dirige a los aspectos emocionales, físicos, legales y sociales, pero no existe aún una intervención que garantice el adecuado desarrollo neuropsicológico de esta población. En este estudio se da a conocer el efecto del maltrato en el rendimiento neuropsicológico del niño y su predisposición a la conducta agresiva. En un segundo momento, se aplica un programa de rehabilitación neuropsicológica especialmente diseñado para un grupo de niños maltratados, con el fin de medir sus efectos y aportar al tratamiento de esta población...
Child maltreatment is an epidemic health problem and one of the most pernicious and insidious in our society. Million children and adolescents suffer maltreatment in the world per year. There are, however, many unreported cases, given that the source of maltreatment is usually close relatives. This encompasses any acts of commission as physical, sexual and emotional abuse as well as omission acts as neglect. Growing up under conditions of abuse and maltreatment constitutes a profound immersion in severe stress that lead to heightened reactivity in ‘threat’ related circuitry and stress susceptible areas (i.e. amygdala, hippocampus, corpus callosum, frontal cortex). This frequently impairs the development across diverse domains of brain functioning. Thus, maltreated children are likely to manifest non-typical neurobiological processes, physiological responsiveness, emotional regulation, learning problems, and school maladjustment. Heightened functional responsiveness to stress of susceptible brain structures can constitute a latent neural risk factor that predisposes maltreated children to later neuropsychological problems...
Child maltreatment is an epidemic health problem and one of the most pernicious and insidious in our society. Million children and adolescents suffer maltreatment in the world per year. There are, however, many unreported cases, given that the source of maltreatment is usually close relatives. This encompasses any acts of commission as physical, sexual and emotional abuse as well as omission acts as neglect. Growing up under conditions of abuse and maltreatment constitutes a profound immersion in severe stress that lead to heightened reactivity in ‘threat’ related circuitry and stress susceptible areas (i.e. amygdala, hippocampus, corpus callosum, frontal cortex). This frequently impairs the development across diverse domains of brain functioning. Thus, maltreated children are likely to manifest non-typical neurobiological processes, physiological responsiveness, emotional regulation, learning problems, and school maladjustment. Heightened functional responsiveness to stress of susceptible brain structures can constitute a latent neural risk factor that predisposes maltreated children to later neuropsychological problems...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicobiología, leída el 09-12-2015