Publication: Cultura y desarrollo. América Latina : de la década perdida a la globalización
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2016-05-13
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Este estudio pretende dilucidar si las fórmulas arbitradas por la élites rectoras latinoamericanas para resolver las problemáticas anexas a la coyuntura crítica que la región experimentó en los años ochenta, -la \D écada Perdida"-, corresponden en lo esencial a réplicas del patrón o imaginario fundante, matriz de símbolos, es decir al hecho de la colonización original. Es una investigación académica enfocada a la generación de conocimientos a partir de la producción teórico-crítica y del análisis institucional en correlato con el desenvolvimiento histórico, emprendimiento que habilita comparaciones culturales cruzadas proclives a facilitar ponderaciones sobre el desarrollo, tema central. Como planteamiento o estrategia metodológica se asume la postura caracterizada por Clifford Geertz, del autor como co-investigador, siendo contraparte, en tanto actores-agentes: académicos, intelectuales, políticos, expertos, cientistas sociales, periodistas. Se hace acopio de información estadística proveniente de macro-encuestas regionales, públicas y privadas, aparte de la facilitada por los organismos internacionales, a través de lo gráfico-relacional. Tras dar cuenta de los efectos de la nueva constelación tecnológica, concomitante con la transnacionalización de la economía y la globalización imperante, se analiza, en conformidad con el estudio histórico-social de las subjetividades subalternas, el surgimiento de sujetos o agentes sociales transformadores, o en camino de serlo, que emergen de la economía informal, de la proliferación del culto evangélico, nuevos movimientos sociales, la reivindicación indígena, los outsiders políticos. Después de constatar que las \reformas estructurales" no desarmaron el raciocinio que esta en el origen de los círculos viciosos que las justificaron, se concluye que las circunstancias requieren un \ajuste estructural de mentalidades".
The aim of this study is to elucidate whether the formulas implemented by the leading elites in Latin America in order to deal with the complexities derived from the critical state of a airs in the 1980s, -\la D ecada Perdida" or `Lost Decade'- were essentially a repetition of the colonization pattern or collective imagery, namely, an echo of the matrix of symbols. This academic research project focuses both on the knowledge arising from theoreticalcritical sources, and on the institutional analysis in relation to its historical development. The latter focus enables cultural cross-comparisons that facilitate sober re ections on the central topic of development. The general methodological framework is that represented by Clifford Geertz. The author is conceived as a fellow researcher, his voice appearing next to (but at the same time directing) the ndings of other scholars, intellectuals, politicians, experts, social scientists, and journalists. A considerable array of statistical data from regional (private and public) macro-surveys is analyzed, as well as information provided by international organisms by means of graphical and relational representations. After a due account of the e ects of the current technological revolution is given, in conjunction with the transnationalization of world economy and prevailing globalization, the emergence of agents and entities of change (including those that are at an incipient stage) is analyzed in keeping with the socio-historical study of subaltern subjectivities. Among these transforming agents are those emerging from the context of informal economy, the proliferation of evangelical worship, new social movements, the indigenous cause, or political outsiders. Having ascertained that the structural reforms did not demolish the rationale which was at the root of the vicious circles that justi ed them, it is concluded that the current circumstances require a structural adjustment of mentalities.
The aim of this study is to elucidate whether the formulas implemented by the leading elites in Latin America in order to deal with the complexities derived from the critical state of a airs in the 1980s, -\la D ecada Perdida" or `Lost Decade'- were essentially a repetition of the colonization pattern or collective imagery, namely, an echo of the matrix of symbols. This academic research project focuses both on the knowledge arising from theoreticalcritical sources, and on the institutional analysis in relation to its historical development. The latter focus enables cultural cross-comparisons that facilitate sober re ections on the central topic of development. The general methodological framework is that represented by Clifford Geertz. The author is conceived as a fellow researcher, his voice appearing next to (but at the same time directing) the ndings of other scholars, intellectuals, politicians, experts, social scientists, and journalists. A considerable array of statistical data from regional (private and public) macro-surveys is analyzed, as well as information provided by international organisms by means of graphical and relational representations. After a due account of the e ects of the current technological revolution is given, in conjunction with the transnationalization of world economy and prevailing globalization, the emergence of agents and entities of change (including those that are at an incipient stage) is analyzed in keeping with the socio-historical study of subaltern subjectivities. Among these transforming agents are those emerging from the context of informal economy, the proliferation of evangelical worship, new social movements, the indigenous cause, or political outsiders. Having ascertained that the structural reforms did not demolish the rationale which was at the root of the vicious circles that justi ed them, it is concluded that the current circumstances require a structural adjustment of mentalities.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Derecho Internacional Público y Relaciones Internacionales, leída el 15-01-2016