Publication: Diagnóstico de tuberculosis en rumiantes y camélidos: optimización de pruebas de base celular y humoral
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2016-08-16
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La tuberculosis es una zoonosis bacteriana que representa un importante problema sanitario en el hombre y los animales (domésticos y silvestres), siendo en estos Mycobacterium bovis y M. caprae las especies de mayor relevancia. La enfermedad tiene un gran impacto económico ya que produce un descenso de la producción de los animales y restricciones en su movimiento, además de los costes derivados de su erradicación en el ganado bovino. Actualmente, la tuberculosis en otras especies domésticas como la cabra, comienza a tener relevancia en aquellos países con elevado censo de caprino. Por otra parte, los camélidos de Sudamérica (alpacas y llamas principalmente), se emplean cada vez con mayor frecuencia fuera de su hábitat natural como mascotas y para la producción de fibra. Además, son altamente susceptibles a la enfermedad, habiéndose notificado varios brotes de tuberculosis en estos animales en Europa. Los programas de erradicación se basan en una estrategia de “diagnóstico y sacrificio”, de tal modo que los animales positivos a las pruebas diagnósticas se eliminan de la explotación. Las técnicas diagnósticas oficiales en la Unión Europea son la prueba de la intradermotuberculinización (IDTB) y el test de detección de interferón-gamma (IFN-γ), que detectan la respuesta inmune de base celular. Existen, además, pruebas para la detección de anticuerpos, algunas disponibles comercialmente y otras en fase experimental. Con el objetivo de optimizar el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis en rumiantes (ganado bovino y caprino) y en camélidos (llamas y alpacas), se han realizado siete estudios experimentales, distribuidos en cuatro capítulos, diseñados para cumplir los cuatro objetivos de la presente tesis doctoral...
Tuberculosis is a bacterial zoonosis that represents an important health problem in humans, domestic animals and wildlife. The most frequently involved species in animal tuberculosis are Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae. The disease has a major economic impact caused by the decreased production in animals, the commercial restrictions implied, and the costs of eradication campaigns in cattle. In the last years, tuberculosis is gaining relevance in other domestic species i.e. goats, mainly in those countries with a high census of this species. Additionally, tuberculosis in South American camelids is increasingly gaining importance in recent years, llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna pacos) are main species imported into the European Union. Eradication campaigns are based on "test-andslaughter" strategies which implies the removal of animals that react positively to diagnostic tests. The official diagnostic tests approved in the European Union are the single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) test and the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay, which detect the cell-mediated immune response to the pathogen. Serological assays for the detection of antibodies are also available, commercially and/or experimentally. Despite of the efforts performed for the control and the eradication of the disease, in some areas it is not possible to decrease the prevalence due among others, to the limitations present in the official diagnostic techniques. Therefore, in order to optimize the diagnosis of tuberculosis in ruminants (cattle and goats) and camelids (llamas and alpacas), nine experimental studies divided into five chapters have been performed, each chapter has been designed to achieve the five objectives of this thesis...
Tuberculosis is a bacterial zoonosis that represents an important health problem in humans, domestic animals and wildlife. The most frequently involved species in animal tuberculosis are Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae. The disease has a major economic impact caused by the decreased production in animals, the commercial restrictions implied, and the costs of eradication campaigns in cattle. In the last years, tuberculosis is gaining relevance in other domestic species i.e. goats, mainly in those countries with a high census of this species. Additionally, tuberculosis in South American camelids is increasingly gaining importance in recent years, llamas (Lama glama) and alpacas (Vicugna pacos) are main species imported into the European Union. Eradication campaigns are based on "test-andslaughter" strategies which implies the removal of animals that react positively to diagnostic tests. The official diagnostic tests approved in the European Union are the single intradermal tuberculin (SIT) test and the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assay, which detect the cell-mediated immune response to the pathogen. Serological assays for the detection of antibodies are also available, commercially and/or experimentally. Despite of the efforts performed for the control and the eradication of the disease, in some areas it is not possible to decrease the prevalence due among others, to the limitations present in the official diagnostic techniques. Therefore, in order to optimize the diagnosis of tuberculosis in ruminants (cattle and goats) and camelids (llamas and alpacas), nine experimental studies divided into five chapters have been performed, each chapter has been designed to achieve the five objectives of this thesis...
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Sanidad Animal, leída el 28/01/2016