Publication: La literatura sobre fenicios en el territorio brasileño: orígenes y razones
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2016-10-14
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Se analiza el origen y pervivencia de la teoría de supuestos fenicios en el Nuevo Mundo, particularmente en Brasil, y las imágenes que esa idea proyectó a lo largo del tiempo. Una hipótesis generada entre la intelectualidad europea a partir de la llegada de los primeros navegantes europeos a finales del siglo XV, y alimentada por los relatos de los primeros cronistas y Viajeros Naturalistas del continente americano, considerados sus primeros historiadores, y que intentaron explicar el origen de sus gentes. Una teoría que se fue difundiendo a lo largo de los siglos siguientes, y que posteriormente fue defendida por intelectuales brasileños, dando origen a una polémica atestiguada por una extensa bibliografía. Dicha hipótesis, aunque defendida por religiosos europeos, fue sostenida por exploradores coloniales con intereses económicos en América. Durante el período de unificación de las coronas Ibéricas (1580 a 1640) bajo mando español, se acentuó la defensa de sus premisas. En Brasil, será asumida por representantes de su nueva élite tras la independencia política del país en 1822. A finales del siglo XIX, a partir del presunto hallazgo de cierta epigrafía en su territorio, se producirá el cenit de la creencia de navegantes semitas en el país, convirtiéndose en un tema a la orden del día en el mundo académico. La propagación de dicha teoría parece haber acompañado de forma intermitente varias etapas de la historia de Brasil, empezando por el periodo colonial caracterizado por la expropiación de la tierra al autóctono y el acopio de sus beneficios en manos portuguesas, generados por el comercio de sus productos. Utilizándose mano de obra esclava sobre todo procedente de África, y con base en un gran sistema de tenencia lusa de la tierra. Fue apoyada aun por la literatura europea de los siglos XVII y XVIII, que buscó definir la génesis del Nuevo Mundo considerado inferior...
In this work, it is analyzed the origin and survival of the Phoenician theory assumptions in the New World, particularly in Brazil, and the images eroded by these ideas over time. One hypothesis generated among European intellectuals after the arrival of the first European sailors in the late 15th century, supported by the stories of the early chroniclers and the Americans naturalists travelers considered as its first historians, who tried to explain the origin of its people. A theory that was widely known throughout the following centuries, later supported by Brazilian intellectuals, which gave rise to a controversy extensively backed by a huge bibliography. That hypothesis, despite of being supported by religious Europeans, was maintained by colonial explorers only because of their interest in the America economy. During the unification of the Iberian crowns (1580-1640), under Spanish command, it was noticed an increasing interest on supporting this hypothesis premises. In Brazil, after its independence, in 1822, some representatives of the new political elite will assume such hypothesis. In the late 19th century, from the alleged discovery of some inscriptions on its territory, the zenith of the belief Semitic sailors will occur in the country, becoming a topic on the agenda in the academia. The spread of that theory seems to have accompanied intermittently various stages of the Brazilian history, starting from the colonial period characterized by the land exploitation from the natives in which all the benefits fell onto Portuguese hands, generated by the trading of their products, using slave labor, especially from Africa, based on a large system of land Portuguese occupation...
In this work, it is analyzed the origin and survival of the Phoenician theory assumptions in the New World, particularly in Brazil, and the images eroded by these ideas over time. One hypothesis generated among European intellectuals after the arrival of the first European sailors in the late 15th century, supported by the stories of the early chroniclers and the Americans naturalists travelers considered as its first historians, who tried to explain the origin of its people. A theory that was widely known throughout the following centuries, later supported by Brazilian intellectuals, which gave rise to a controversy extensively backed by a huge bibliography. That hypothesis, despite of being supported by religious Europeans, was maintained by colonial explorers only because of their interest in the America economy. During the unification of the Iberian crowns (1580-1640), under Spanish command, it was noticed an increasing interest on supporting this hypothesis premises. In Brazil, after its independence, in 1822, some representatives of the new political elite will assume such hypothesis. In the late 19th century, from the alleged discovery of some inscriptions on its territory, the zenith of the belief Semitic sailors will occur in the country, becoming a topic on the agenda in the academia. The spread of that theory seems to have accompanied intermittently various stages of the Brazilian history, starting from the colonial period characterized by the land exploitation from the natives in which all the benefits fell onto Portuguese hands, generated by the trading of their products, using slave labor, especially from Africa, based on a large system of land Portuguese occupation...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, leída el 15/01/2016