Publication: El Infante don Fadrique y la estela del arte suabo en el Reino de Castilla en la segunda mitad del siglo XIII
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2016-10-20
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta investigación pretende someter a análisis los intercambios arquitectónicos y artísticos que se establecieron entre el Reino de Castilla e Italia en el siglo XIII, centrando la atención en la denostada figura del infante Fadrique de Castilla. Don Fadrique de Castilla fue el segundogénito de Fernando III y Beatriz de Suabia, para quien sus progenitores habían previsto la herencia materna del ducado de Suabia. Con el fin de reclamar el legado de su madre Fadrique emprendió su viaje hacia la corte imperial de Federico II, llegando a la ciudad de Foggia en el mes de abril de 1240. Su permanencia junto al emperador se prolongó hasta el mes de junio de 1245, momento en el cual, el infante decidió abandonar la corte del emperador sin previo aviso para pasar a Milán, principal enemigo del bando gibelino y, después, regresar a Castilla. Una vez en Castilla, Fadrique participó junto a su padre y sus hermanos, Alfonso y Enrique, en la conquista de Sevilla. En el repartimiento recibió amplios territorios en el norte de la ciudad, decidiendo establecer su residencia en el área del actual Convento de Santa Clara. En el interior de este recinto erigió una torre exenta conocida como Torre de don Fadrique que, según la inscripción ubicada sobre la puerta, se construyó en el año 1252. El modelo arquitectónico al que se ajusta es ajeno a la arquitectura civil castellana del siglo XIII, sin embargo podemos hallar correspondencias con una estructura muy difundida en Italia: la torre nobiliaria. Esta analogía fue el punto de partida para el estudio de las relaciones artísticas entre ambos países configurándose en nuestra investigación un corpus heterogéneo y complejo de obras de arte que engloban la mencionada torre, la Capilla Real hispalense y las tallas marianas vinculadas a ella, el ajuar funerario de Beatriz de Suabia o las Cantigas de Santa María...
The Infante Fadrique of Castile was the second son of King Ferdinand III and Queen Beatrice of Swabia, and therefore Alfonso X’s younger brother. Ferdinand and Beatrice wanted to distribute their legacy between their two sons. Alfonso received the paternal inheritance, the Kingdom of Castile and Leon, and Fadrique the maternal one, the Duchy of Swabia. In order to claim his inheritance, Fadrique set out on a journey to Frederic II’s Imperial Court, arriving in Foggia on April 1240. He stayed near the Emperor until June 1245 when, for unknown reasons, he decided to flee the Imperial Court. He then travelled to Milan, main enemy of the Ghibelline cause, and later on he returned to the Kingdom of Castile. In the month of August, Frederic II wrote a letter to Ferdinand III complaining about his son’s behavior, and barely one year later, Alfonso X claimed the Duchy of Swabia for himself, thereby usurping his brother’s legacy. When Fadrique came back to Castile he took part in the conquest of Seville with his father and his brothers, Alfonso and Enrique. In the so called repartimiento, he got extensive territories on the north of the city, where he decided to settle in the area of what is now the Convent of Santa Clara. His residence consisted of a palace, currently being excavated, and a courtyard where a free-standing tower was built in 1252 according to the inscription on the door--and it is for this reason that this structure became to be known as Don Fadrique’s Tower. This architectural model is unprecedented within secular Castilian architecture of the 13th century, however we can find this kind of construction in the so called “nobility tower” that was widespread in Italy...
The Infante Fadrique of Castile was the second son of King Ferdinand III and Queen Beatrice of Swabia, and therefore Alfonso X’s younger brother. Ferdinand and Beatrice wanted to distribute their legacy between their two sons. Alfonso received the paternal inheritance, the Kingdom of Castile and Leon, and Fadrique the maternal one, the Duchy of Swabia. In order to claim his inheritance, Fadrique set out on a journey to Frederic II’s Imperial Court, arriving in Foggia on April 1240. He stayed near the Emperor until June 1245 when, for unknown reasons, he decided to flee the Imperial Court. He then travelled to Milan, main enemy of the Ghibelline cause, and later on he returned to the Kingdom of Castile. In the month of August, Frederic II wrote a letter to Ferdinand III complaining about his son’s behavior, and barely one year later, Alfonso X claimed the Duchy of Swabia for himself, thereby usurping his brother’s legacy. When Fadrique came back to Castile he took part in the conquest of Seville with his father and his brothers, Alfonso and Enrique. In the so called repartimiento, he got extensive territories on the north of the city, where he decided to settle in the area of what is now the Convent of Santa Clara. His residence consisted of a palace, currently being excavated, and a courtyard where a free-standing tower was built in 1252 according to the inscription on the door--and it is for this reason that this structure became to be known as Don Fadrique’s Tower. This architectural model is unprecedented within secular Castilian architecture of the 13th century, however we can find this kind of construction in the so called “nobility tower” that was widespread in Italy...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Historia del Arte I (Medieval), leída el 11-01-2016