Publication: El impacto de la empresa transnacional en la evolución de la economía panameña: el sector portuario como caso de estudio
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2016-12-20
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El 31 de diciembre de 1999 concluía una etapa de transición según lo establecido en los Tratados Torrijos-Carter de 1977. EE.UU. transfería la administración de la entidad del Canal de Panamá (CP) a Panamá y finalizaba la entrega de valiosos terrenos y bienes. Los acontecimientos vividos hasta entonces y las expectativas de un atractivo e incierto futuro despertaban nuestra curiosidad. Han transcurrido más de quince años desde entonces, margen suficiente para hacer un balance objetivo desde el que responder a muchas de las preguntas que se hicieran a finales de los noventa, ¿se ha mantenido el funcionamiento eficiente del CP?, ¿Panamá está integrando en su economía tan valiosos activos en favor de su desarrollo? Para responder a estas preguntas, se analiza el impacto del proceso de internacionalización de la producción en Panamá “mediatizado” por el CP. A lo largo de su historia, el pueblo panameño se ha apoyado en el capital extranjero para explotar su ventaja comparativa por excelencia, su posición geográfica. Ahora bien, ¿cuál ha sido el impacto de la expansión de la ET en la economía panameña en el tiempo? La revisión que se recoge en este trabajo, constata que se ha logrado captar el interés del capital extranjero a través de diversos instrumentos y facilidades como, el desarrollo de la Zona libre de Colón en los años cuarenta, el desarrollo del Centro Financiero Internacional en los setenta,... El CP ha sido el “soporte” que justificaba el desarrollo de otros elementos que le complementaban. Han sido varias las ventajas que todo ello ha reportado a Panamá, pero no han faltado los problemas asociados a una relación de dependencia con el capital extranjero. El Canal ha sido el elemento en torno al que se ha articulado la política, la cultura, la economía,… de Panamá hasta la fecha. Por este motivo, aquel ha sido el hilo conductor de nuestra investigación. Esta vía de transporte ha condicionado la inserción de la economía istmeña en la economía mundial e, implícitamente, la relación del país con la ET. La caracterización de Panamá en el tiempo nos ha permitido profundizar en las singularidades de este país (factores de localización) que han atraído la atención del inversor extranjero y, a su vez, han influido en los efectos del modo de expansión de la ET en la economía...
On 31th December 1999 a transition stage came to its end, as prescribed by the 1997 Torrijos- Carter Treaty. EE.UU transferred the administration of the Panama Canal’s entity (PC) to Panama and concluded the allocation of lands and gods. The different experienced events up to this point and the expectations of an attractive and doubtful future sparked our curiosity. After more than fifteen years, – enough time to make an objective assessment to answer the different questions set in the late 1900s- has been the efficient functioning of the PC maintained? Has Panama integrated valuable assets into its economy for its development? To answer these questions, the impact of the internationalisation process of the production in Panama “influenced” by the PC would be analysed. Throughout history, the Panamanian people have needed the foreign capital to develop their comparative advantage: their geographical position. However, how has been the impact of the transnational corporatiońs expansion in the Panamanian economy over time? The review herein collected determines that the interest of the foreign capital has been reached through different instruments and facilities such as the Colón Free Trade Zone’s development in the 1940s or the International Financial Centre’s development in the 1970s. The PC has been the fact that excused the development of other different elements that complemented it. There have been many advantages that have helped Panama but there have been also problems related to the dependence on foreign capital. Up to now, the Canal has been the most important element within the Panamanian politic, culture and economy and, for this reason, it has been the guiding thread in our research. This transport route has determinated the inclusion of the Panamanian economy into the global economy as well as the relation with the transnational corporation (TNC). The characterization of Panama over time has allowed us to go further into the singularities of this country (location factors), which have attracted the attention of the foreign capital and which have influenced the TNC’s expansion mode within the economy...
On 31th December 1999 a transition stage came to its end, as prescribed by the 1997 Torrijos- Carter Treaty. EE.UU transferred the administration of the Panama Canal’s entity (PC) to Panama and concluded the allocation of lands and gods. The different experienced events up to this point and the expectations of an attractive and doubtful future sparked our curiosity. After more than fifteen years, – enough time to make an objective assessment to answer the different questions set in the late 1900s- has been the efficient functioning of the PC maintained? Has Panama integrated valuable assets into its economy for its development? To answer these questions, the impact of the internationalisation process of the production in Panama “influenced” by the PC would be analysed. Throughout history, the Panamanian people have needed the foreign capital to develop their comparative advantage: their geographical position. However, how has been the impact of the transnational corporatiońs expansion in the Panamanian economy over time? The review herein collected determines that the interest of the foreign capital has been reached through different instruments and facilities such as the Colón Free Trade Zone’s development in the 1940s or the International Financial Centre’s development in the 1970s. The PC has been the fact that excused the development of other different elements that complemented it. There have been many advantages that have helped Panama but there have been also problems related to the dependence on foreign capital. Up to now, the Canal has been the most important element within the Panamanian politic, culture and economy and, for this reason, it has been the guiding thread in our research. This transport route has determinated the inclusion of the Panamanian economy into the global economy as well as the relation with the transnational corporation (TNC). The characterization of Panama over time has allowed us to go further into the singularities of this country (location factors), which have attracted the attention of the foreign capital and which have influenced the TNC’s expansion mode within the economy...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Economía Internacional y Desarrollo, leída el 19/01/2016