Publication: Corteza prefrontal, amígdala y estrés: estudio de la noradrenalina, corticosterona y memoria aversiva en la rata
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2017-09-21
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La interacción funcional entre la corteza prefrontal (CPF) y la amígdala así como la activación del eje hipotálamo-hipófisis-adrenal (HHA) y la liberación de catecolaminas en áreas límbicas del cerebro, juegan un papel clave tanto en la regulación de la respuesta fisiológica a estrés como en respuestas mal-adaptativas a estrés. El procesamiento de la información emocional a largo plazo, es otro de los mecanismos que contribuyen a la capacidad de los individuos para adaptarse a situaciones de estrés. Diversos estudios han mostrado que la CPF modula la activación del eje HHA en condiciones basales y durante estrés así como la formación de memorias relacionadas con estímulos aversivos. Es más, tanto la transmisión noradrenérgica en la amígdala como los cambios en la concentración de corticosterona en esta misma área del cerebro, son fundamentales en la adquisición y consolidación de la memoria emocional. Sin embargo, y a pesar de su importancia en la regulación de la respuesta a estrés, aún no se conoce bien el papel específico de la CPF y la amígdala en la regulación del eje HHA y en el procesamiento emocional, y en qué medida la alteración de estas áreas facilita respuestas mal-adaptativas a estrés. Por otra parte, el enriquecimiento ambiental (EA) se ha descrito como un modelo experimental que reduce la reactividad a estrés e incrementa la resistencia frente a estímulos aversivos. Además este paradigma experimental está siendo investigado como modelo animal para estudiar los mecanismos neurobiológicos del tratamiento de patologías psiquiátricas relacionadas con el estrés como el trastorno de estrés post-traumático (TEPT). La presente Tesis Doctoral consta de tres bloques experimentales en los que se investigan diferentes aspectos relacionados con el papel de la CPF y la amígdala en la respuesta a estrés tanto en condiciones fisiológicas (evaluando los efectos de un estrés moderado) como patológicas (evaluando los efectos de un estrés traumático)...
The functional interaction between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala as well as the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the release of catecholamines in limbic brain areas, play a key role in regulating both the physiological and the mal-adaptive response to stress. The processing of long term emotional information is another mechanism contributing to the ability of individuals to adapt to stressful situations. Several studies have shown that the PFC modulates activation of the HPA axis under basal conditions and during stress and also has a crucial role in the formation of memories related to aversive stimuli. Moreover, both noradrenergic transmission in the amygdala and changes in the concentration of corticosterone in that brain area, have a central role in the acquisition and consolidation of emotional memories. However, despite its importance in regulating the response to stress, it is still not well understood the specific role of the PFC and the amygdala in the regulation of the HPA axis and emotional processing, and to what extent an alteration in these areas facilitates mal-adaptation and stress-related disorders. In adition, environmental enrichment (EE) has been described as an experimental model that reduces the reactivity to stress and increases resilience to aversive stimuli. Besides, this experimental paradigm is being investigated as an animal model to study the neurobiological mechanisms of treatment of psychiatric disorders and stress-related disorders including, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This Doctoral Thesis consists of three experimental blocks in which the role of the PFC and the amygdala regulating the response to stress in both physiological (evaluating the effects of moderate stress), and pathological conditions (evaluating the effects a traumatic stress) is investigated...
The functional interaction between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala as well as the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the release of catecholamines in limbic brain areas, play a key role in regulating both the physiological and the mal-adaptive response to stress. The processing of long term emotional information is another mechanism contributing to the ability of individuals to adapt to stressful situations. Several studies have shown that the PFC modulates activation of the HPA axis under basal conditions and during stress and also has a crucial role in the formation of memories related to aversive stimuli. Moreover, both noradrenergic transmission in the amygdala and changes in the concentration of corticosterone in that brain area, have a central role in the acquisition and consolidation of emotional memories. However, despite its importance in regulating the response to stress, it is still not well understood the specific role of the PFC and the amygdala in the regulation of the HPA axis and emotional processing, and to what extent an alteration in these areas facilitates mal-adaptation and stress-related disorders. In adition, environmental enrichment (EE) has been described as an experimental model that reduces the reactivity to stress and increases resilience to aversive stimuli. Besides, this experimental paradigm is being investigated as an animal model to study the neurobiological mechanisms of treatment of psychiatric disorders and stress-related disorders including, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This Doctoral Thesis consists of three experimental blocks in which the role of the PFC and the amygdala regulating the response to stress in both physiological (evaluating the effects of moderate stress), and pathological conditions (evaluating the effects a traumatic stress) is investigated...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiología, leída el 03/02/2016