Publication: Bioeconomías reproductivas: los óvulos en la biología pos fecundación in vitro
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2017-11-22
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los óvulos tienen un papel fundamental en la reproducción asistida en el Estado español de múltiples maneras. En concreto, los óvulos donados posibilitan hoy el nacimiento de casi cuatro de cada diez bebés concebidos por fecundación in vitro (FIV). La donación de óvulos, además, es uno de los principales factores por los que el Estado español se ha convertido en destino del denominado turismo reproductivo. Estudios anteriores han señalado que los discursos de la biología en torno a la fecundación tienden a presentar los óvulos desde la feminidad y la pasividad (Martin 1991; Moore 2002). En esta investigación analizo el modo en que los óvulos son definidos, entendidos y actuados dentro de la biología y la biomedicina pos-FIV. La pregunta de la que parto es la siguiente: ¿qué son-pueden los óvulos dentro la biología pos-FIV y de qué manera esto afecta a –y es afectado por– el desarrollo de las bioeconomías reproductivas? Para responder a esta pregunta he escogido distintos escenarios en los que seguir a los óvulos, buscando las continuidades y discontinuidades de sus significados y roles: textos científicos, cursos de biología y clínicas de reproducción asistida. He buscado analizar cómo se entendían y trataban los óvulos al hablar de reproducción sexual, asexual y asistida. He utilizado para ello distintas técnicas cualitativas: análisis documental de noticias sobre partenogénesis –de las revistas Science y Nature–; observación participante de dos cursos de biología reproductiva –y, de tipo parcial, en los laboratorios de una clínica de reproducción asistida–; y entrevistas en profundidad y semiestructuradas –a 27 profesionales, entre personal de las clínicas e investigadores en biología reproductiva–. Todo lo anterior ha sido fundamentalmente analizado a partir del análisis crítico del discurso (Wodak y Meyer 2009)...
Oocytes play a key role within assisted reproduction in Spain. They do so mainly through the expansion of treatments with donated eggs, which account for almost four out of ten babies born through in vitro fertilization. Donated oocytes are also one of the main factors making Spain a destination country for cross-border reproductive care. These oocytes or eggs are gendered and framed as passive within biological definitions and explanations around fertilization, as feminist work on scientific discourses has shown (Martin 1991; Moore 2002). This research explores reproduction by studying the ways eggs are described and enacted within after-IVF biology and biomedicine. In it, I address this main question: What are eggs within after-IVF Biology and in which ways is this being is affected by, and affecting, the development of bioeconomies around reproduction? To answer this question, I have studied multiple scenarios in order to grasp the continuities and discontinuities of eggs, their roles, and their meanings in different scenarios: news in scientific journals, university-level biology courses about reproduction, and reproductive clinics. I have followed the ways eggs are understood and handled in discourses regarding sexual and asexual reproduction, assisted reproduction and egg donation. Different qualitative methods have been deployed in my research: document analysis of scientific news around parthenogenesis; participant observation, mainly in two University courses on the Biology of Reproduction and partially in one fertility clinic labs; and semi-structured and indepth interviews both with biology professors and fertility clinic staff, interviewing a total of 27 professionals. Thematic analysis was applied to organize the data collected from interviews, which were also analyzed, along with the rest of the data gathered, using critical discourse analysis (CDA) (Wodak and Meyer 2009)...
Oocytes play a key role within assisted reproduction in Spain. They do so mainly through the expansion of treatments with donated eggs, which account for almost four out of ten babies born through in vitro fertilization. Donated oocytes are also one of the main factors making Spain a destination country for cross-border reproductive care. These oocytes or eggs are gendered and framed as passive within biological definitions and explanations around fertilization, as feminist work on scientific discourses has shown (Martin 1991; Moore 2002). This research explores reproduction by studying the ways eggs are described and enacted within after-IVF biology and biomedicine. In it, I address this main question: What are eggs within after-IVF Biology and in which ways is this being is affected by, and affecting, the development of bioeconomies around reproduction? To answer this question, I have studied multiple scenarios in order to grasp the continuities and discontinuities of eggs, their roles, and their meanings in different scenarios: news in scientific journals, university-level biology courses about reproduction, and reproductive clinics. I have followed the ways eggs are understood and handled in discourses regarding sexual and asexual reproduction, assisted reproduction and egg donation. Different qualitative methods have been deployed in my research: document analysis of scientific news around parthenogenesis; participant observation, mainly in two University courses on the Biology of Reproduction and partially in one fertility clinic labs; and semi-structured and indepth interviews both with biology professors and fertility clinic staff, interviewing a total of 27 professionals. Thematic analysis was applied to organize the data collected from interviews, which were also analyzed, along with the rest of the data gathered, using critical discourse analysis (CDA) (Wodak and Meyer 2009)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 28-06-2017