Publication: Fisioterapia respiratoria combinada con higiene postural en niños con afectación neurológica crónica
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2018-02-05
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Atín Arratibel, Mª Ángeles
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las patologías neurológicas crónicas engloban diferentes patologías entre las que se encuentran el daño cerebral, las encefalopatías, enfermedades congénitas, etc , algunas de las cuales han sido estudiadas individualmente, y todas ellas conllevan discapacidad motora y necesidades especiales de atención en salud. Los niños y las niñas con discapacidad son las personas menores de dieciocho años que presenten deficiencias físicas, mentales, intelectuales o sensoriales a largo plazo que, al interactuar con diversas barreras, puedan impedir su participación plena y efectiva en la sociedad en igualdad de condiciones con las demás personas. Las discapacidades son una afección muy frecuente en numerosos países, sin embargo, en general, sólo algunos de los países más desarrollados cuentan con estudios rigurosos. En las estadísticas que recogen los datos, se encuentran una gran disparidad en cuanto a su incidencia y prevalencia. Además de no contar con datos acerca de cuál es el tipo de discapacidad que les afecta, aunque sea dentro de los descriptores genéricos de discapacidad física, sensorial, intelectual y mental. En España existen 60.400 niños y niñas con discapacidad, en edades comprendidas entre 0 y 5 años; y 78.300 niños y niñas con algún tipo de discapacidad, entre 6 y 15 años. Numerosos estudios coinciden en que la falta de prevención y tratamiento en la salud pulmonar en los niños con discapacidad desemboca en un aumento de morbilidad y mortalidad, aumento de la atención médica y costes en el cuidado, y, para los pacientes y sus cuidadores, disminución en su calidad de vida. Por ello es importante la existencia de programas de gestión de la salud respiratoria que deben incluir la fisioterapia respiratoria, aunque no esté consensuado el protocolo de las técnicas a utilizar y quede mucho trabajo para demostrar la efectividad y el bajo costo de la fisioterapia respiratoria. En el CIF, en la guía para la neurorrehabilitación pediátrica, se incluye en el seguimiento del programa de rehabilitación el sistema respiratorio dentro de las funciones del cuerpo a tratar. Además, todos los sanitarios implicados en la rehabilitación, no sólo los fisioterapeutas, a partir del programa de rehabilitación del paciente, deberían optimizar la ventilación y el control de la respiración a través de técnicas de posicionamiento pasivos y activos...
Chronic neurological pathologies encompass different pathologies including brain damage, encephalopathies, congenital diseases, etc., some of which have been studied individually, and all of them involve motor disability and special health care needs. Children with disabilities are persons under the age of eighteen who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which, by interacting with various barriers, may impede their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with the other people. Disabilities are a very common condition in many countries, however, in general, only some of the more developed countries have rigorous studies. In the statistics that collect the data, there is a great disparity in its incidence and prevalence. In addition to not having data about what type of disability affects them, even if it is within the generic descriptors of physical, sensory, intellectual and mental disability. In Spain, there are 60,400 children with disabilities, ranging in age from 0 to 5 years; And 78,300 children with some type of disability, between 6 and 15 years. Numerous studies agree that the lack of prevention and treatment in pulmonary health in children with disabilities results in increased morbidity and mortality, increased medical care and costs in care, and, for patients and their caregivers, decrease in their quality of life. Therefore, it is important to have respiratory health management programs that must include respiratory physiotherapy, even if the protocol of the techniques to be used is not consensual, and it́s necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness and low cost of respiratory physiotherapy. In the ICF, in the guide for pediatric neurorehabilitation, it is included in the monitoring of the rehabilitation program the respiratory system within the functions of the body to be treated. In addition, all restrooms involved in rehabilitation, not just physiotherapists, from the patient rehabilitation program should optimize ventilation and breathing control through passive and active positioning techniques...
Chronic neurological pathologies encompass different pathologies including brain damage, encephalopathies, congenital diseases, etc., some of which have been studied individually, and all of them involve motor disability and special health care needs. Children with disabilities are persons under the age of eighteen who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory impairments which, by interacting with various barriers, may impede their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with the other people. Disabilities are a very common condition in many countries, however, in general, only some of the more developed countries have rigorous studies. In the statistics that collect the data, there is a great disparity in its incidence and prevalence. In addition to not having data about what type of disability affects them, even if it is within the generic descriptors of physical, sensory, intellectual and mental disability. In Spain, there are 60,400 children with disabilities, ranging in age from 0 to 5 years; And 78,300 children with some type of disability, between 6 and 15 years. Numerous studies agree that the lack of prevention and treatment in pulmonary health in children with disabilities results in increased morbidity and mortality, increased medical care and costs in care, and, for patients and their caregivers, decrease in their quality of life. Therefore, it is important to have respiratory health management programs that must include respiratory physiotherapy, even if the protocol of the techniques to be used is not consensual, and it́s necessary to demonstrate the effectiveness and low cost of respiratory physiotherapy. In the ICF, in the guide for pediatric neurorehabilitation, it is included in the monitoring of the rehabilitation program the respiratory system within the functions of the body to be treated. In addition, all restrooms involved in rehabilitation, not just physiotherapists, from the patient rehabilitation program should optimize ventilation and breathing control through passive and active positioning techniques...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, leída el 26-06-2017