Publication: Estudio de la cultura de seguridad en el paciente en la docencia del grado en odontología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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2018-04-18
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La Seguridad del Paciente, es un área transversal que utiliza conocimientos bien establecidos en otras áreas, junto con una organización de dichos conocimientos y una sistemática propias. La Seguridad del Paciente se ocupa de la prevención de los daños evitables padecidos por los pacientes a consecuencia de la asistencia sanitaria, y de la detección precoz y limitación de los daños no evitables. Así, la Seguridad del Paciente estudia las características de los sistemas sanitarios en cuanto a la determinación de los riesgos latentes, como características del sistema que pueden permitir o incluso fomentar la producción de un evento asistencial adverso. Las peculiaridades metodológicas de la Seguridad del Paciente se refieren en especial a los sistemas de notificación, clasificación y estudio de los eventos adversos, y la propuesta e implantación de medidas correctoras o de mejora. El nacimiento de la Seguridad del paciente como "área científica" es relativamente reciente. Se inició con los trabajo de Leape y cols. de la Harvard Medical School (EEUU), que estimaron que de todos los eventos adversos registrados, dos tercios podrían haberse prevenido. Pero el impulso definitivo para la Seguridad del Paciente como "área científica" fue la publicación del estudio "To err is human" del Institute of Medicine (EEUU). Este estudio estimaba el número de fallecimientos provocados por errores en la asistencia hospitalaria en los EEUU, entre los 44.000 y los 98.000 al año. La cifra era de tal importancia que, aunque su metodología ha sido discutida, reveló a la sociedad, a los gestores sanitarios, y a los poderes políticos, la importancia social y económica de prevenir en la medida de lo posible los errores asistenciales. En el ámbito odontológico, las iniciativas no han sido tan numerosas ni tan estructuradas, pese a que la seguridad de los pacientes también ha sido una de las preocupaciones intrínsecas de la práctica odontológica desde sus inicios...
Patient Safety is a cross-sectional area that uses knowledge well established in other areas, along with an organization of such knowledge and a systematic of its own. Patient Safety deals with the prevention of avoidable harm suffered by patients as a result of health care, and early detection and limitation of non-avoidable harm. Thus, Patient Safety studies the characteristics of the health systems regarding the determination of 'latent risks' such as system features that can allow or even encourage the production of an adverse healthcare event. The methodological peculiarities of Patient Safety especially concern to reporting systems, classification and study of adverse events, and the proposal and implementation of corrective or improvement measures. The birth of Patient Safety as a 'scientific area' is relatively recent. It began with the works of Leape et al. of the US Harvard Medical School, who estimated that of all reported adverse events, two-thirds could have been prevented. But the definitive impulse for Patient Safety as a 'scientific area' was the publication of the study 'To err is human' by the US Institute of Medicine. This study estimated the number of deaths caused by errors in hospital care in the US, between 44.000 and 98.000 per year. The cipher was of such importance that, although its methodology has been discussed, revealed to society, health managers, and political powers, the social and economic importance of preventing healthcare errors as soon as possible. In the dental field, the initiatives have not been so numerous or structured, although patient safety has also been one of the intrinsic concerns of dental practice since its inception. In recent years, dental organizations have been implementing various measures to increase patient safety. These initiatives include the FDI (World Dental Federation), the CED (Council of European Dentists), or the OSAP (Organization for Safety, Asepsis and Prevention) initiatives among others. In Spain, the General Council of Odontologist and Stomatologists created the Spanish Observatory for Dental Patient Safety (OESPO), the first institution dedicated to the safety of dental patients worldwide, and approved at the national level a 'Plan for Dental Health Care Risk Management'...
Patient Safety is a cross-sectional area that uses knowledge well established in other areas, along with an organization of such knowledge and a systematic of its own. Patient Safety deals with the prevention of avoidable harm suffered by patients as a result of health care, and early detection and limitation of non-avoidable harm. Thus, Patient Safety studies the characteristics of the health systems regarding the determination of 'latent risks' such as system features that can allow or even encourage the production of an adverse healthcare event. The methodological peculiarities of Patient Safety especially concern to reporting systems, classification and study of adverse events, and the proposal and implementation of corrective or improvement measures. The birth of Patient Safety as a 'scientific area' is relatively recent. It began with the works of Leape et al. of the US Harvard Medical School, who estimated that of all reported adverse events, two-thirds could have been prevented. But the definitive impulse for Patient Safety as a 'scientific area' was the publication of the study 'To err is human' by the US Institute of Medicine. This study estimated the number of deaths caused by errors in hospital care in the US, between 44.000 and 98.000 per year. The cipher was of such importance that, although its methodology has been discussed, revealed to society, health managers, and political powers, the social and economic importance of preventing healthcare errors as soon as possible. In the dental field, the initiatives have not been so numerous or structured, although patient safety has also been one of the intrinsic concerns of dental practice since its inception. In recent years, dental organizations have been implementing various measures to increase patient safety. These initiatives include the FDI (World Dental Federation), the CED (Council of European Dentists), or the OSAP (Organization for Safety, Asepsis and Prevention) initiatives among others. In Spain, the General Council of Odontologist and Stomatologists created the Spanish Observatory for Dental Patient Safety (OESPO), the first institution dedicated to the safety of dental patients worldwide, and approved at the national level a 'Plan for Dental Health Care Risk Management'...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Toxicología y Legislación Sanitaria, leída el 17-05-2017